Obs

Question 1

Tocolytics, are B2 agonists which cause myometrial relaxation. Give examples of tocolytics

Answer 1

Salbutamol

Ritodrine

Question 2

Which drugs are used to cause myometrial contractions?

Answer 2

A2 agonists- Ergometrine 
Prostaglandins E2- Misoprostol
Oxcytocin- Syntocinon
Syntometrine
Carboprost- prostaglandin analogue with oxytocin properties

Question 3

apart from tocolytics, which other drugs inhibit uterine contractions? (phys lecture)

Answer 3

Nifedipine- calcium channel blocker

Atosiban- oxytocin receptor antagonist

Question 4

Name the different kinds of obstetric miscarriages, and whether os is open or not?

Answer 4

threatened- cervical os is closed 
inevitable- cervical os is open 
complete- cervical os is closed 
incomplete- cervical os is usually open 
missed- cervival os is closed
septic

Question 5

How do you manage/diagnose a patient with suspected miscarriage?

Answer 5

1) . Transvaginal ultrasound/ transabdominal if pelvic pathology etc
2) . Serial hCG measurements- 2 48 hours apart (>63% increase suggests viable pregnancy, 50% decline miscarriage likely)
3) . FBC and rhesus

Question 6

what is medical management for incomplete or missed miscarriage?

Answer 6

vaginal Misoprostol- which is prostaglandin E1 analogue induces labour
Mifepristone is not indicated

Question 7

What are the hormones involved in the milk ejection reflex?

Answer 7

• oxytocin-posterior pituitary- milk ejection reflex

- prolactin-anterior pituiatary- milk production

Question 8

What is Bishops score?

Answer 8

• predicts whether induction of labour will be required