Obs Flashcards
what does Para mean
total number of pregnancies carried > 20 weeks
what does nullipara mean?
not yet given birth
what does primipara mean?
given birth once
what does multipara mean
given birth more than once
what does Gravida mean
total number of pregnancies at any gestation
what does T mean in TPAL
total number of pregnancies > 37 weeks
what does P mean in TPAL
total number of preterm births (< 37 weeks)
what does A mean in TPAL
total number of abortions (< 20 weeks)
what does L mean in TPAL
number of living children
what does presumptive changes of pregnancy mean
subjective changes experience by the patient that can mean something other than pregnancy
what are examples of presumptive changes of pregnancy
nausea and vomiting
what does objective changes of pregnancy mean
signs that can be perceived by the examined but can still indicate something other than pregnancy
what are examples of objective signs of pregnancy
enlargement of abdomen positive pregnancy test
what does positive changes of pregnancy mean
signs that are completely objective that only indicate pregnancy
what are examples of positive signs of pregnancy
ultrasound conformation fetal heart beat heard
what does antpartum mean
period of pregnancy, generally last 20 weeks
what does intrapartum mean
period of labour
what does postpartum mean
6 weeks after birth
what is nagele’s rule
date of LMP + 1 year - 3 months + 7 days = EDC
when should prenatal care be started
3 months before conception
what is the first Leopold’s maneuver detect
identifying the part of the fetus in the upper pole of the fundus
what is the second Leopold’s maneuver detect
identifies the location of the fetal back and extremities
what is the third Leopold’s maneuver detect
identifies the presenting part of the fetus in the pelvis
what is the fourth Leopold’s maneuver detect
determines the altitude or degree of flexion of presenting part
what is considered childbearing age
15-40+ when menstruating and sexually active
what is a underweight BMI range
< 18
what is a normal BMI range
18 - 24.9
what is an overweight BMI
25-29.9
what is an obese class 1 BMI
30-34.9
what is an obese class 2 BMI
35- 39.9
what is an obese class 3 BMI
40+
what is a normal weight gain expectancy for someone who is underweight
28-40 lbs
what is a normal weight gain expectancy for someone who is normal weight
25-35 lbs
what is a normal weight gain expectancy for someone who is overweight
15-25 lbs
what is a normal weight gain expectancy for someone who is obese
11-20 lbs
how long dose the first trimester last
weeks 0-13
how long does the second trimester last
weeks 14-27
how long does the third trimester last
weeks 28-40 +/- 2 weeks
what is Hegar’s sign
softening of the lower uterine segment of the isithmus
what is Goodell’s sign
softening of the cervix
what is Chadwicks sign
bluish purple colouration of the vaginal mucous and cervix
what is ballotment
when examiner pushes cervix during pregnancy and can feel a rebound from the floating fetus
what is the first pregnancy biochemical marker
hCG
what are braxton hicks contractions
spontaneous, irregular, painless contractions
what is linea nigra
skin in the middle of the abdomen that develops a pigmented line during pregnancy
what causes physiological anemia of pregnancy
state of hemodilution due to the changes in RBC volume and increased erythroproteins
how do vital signs change during pregnancy
temp can increase pulse can increase resps can increase blood pressure can
what is a nuchal scan scanning for
examines the collection of fluid under the skin at the back of the fetus’s neck
what does a nuchal scan measure
measures the thickness of fluid behind the fetuses neck to determine risk of chromosomal abnormalities
when is a nuchal scan done
between 11-14 weeks
what is maternal serum screening done for
assess the risk of neural tube deficits, downs syndrome and other inherited diseases through a blood test
what is tested for during a maternal serum screening in the first trimester
downs syndrome only
what is tested for during a maternal serum screening in the second trimester
all available inherited diseases
what does an amniocentesis check for
chromosomal abnormalities
when is an amniocentesis most commonly done
2nd trimester
what is an amniocentesis checking for when completed during the first trimester
diagnoses of chromosomal abnormalities for high risk mothers while still having the options to abort
what is an amniocentesis checking for when completed during the second trimester
abnormal chromosomal abnormalities
what is an amniocentesis checking for when completed during the third trimester
checking for maturity of organs to ensure viability for delivery
what causes varicosites
increased venous stasis in legs from pressure from pelvis and vasodilation from increased progesterone levels relaxing the veins and causing pooling
when is GBS screened for
in the third trimester
what is GBS
common bacteria found on vagina, rectum and bladder
what are risk factors for GBS
preterm unexplained fever during labour previous infection
what does FFN stand for
fetal fibronectin
what is FFN
glycoprotein released in response to inflammation or separation of amniotic membrane
where is FFN found
cervico-vaginal secretions until 22 weeks and then again near labour
what does a positive FFN test indicate
FFN is present an labour is near
what does a negative FFn test indicate
FFN not present
what are the 6 P’s of labour
passage passenger power position psychology people
what does the passage P of labour mean
ability of pelvis and cervix to accommodate fetus
what does the passenger P of labour mean
ability of fetus to complete the birthing process
what does the power P of labour mean
uterine contractions and pushing
what does the position P of labour mean
the maternal and fetal postions
what does the psychology P of labour mean
stress/relaxation of entire labour process
what does the people P of labour mean
the support people available
what are the different types of pelvic shapes
gynecoid android anthropoid platypelloid
what does molding mean
when the cranial bones of the fetus overlap under pressures of labour
what is station
the relationship of the fetal presenting part to the imaginary lines between the ischial spines of the maternal pelvis
what does fetal lie mean
the relationship of the fetal spine to the maternal spine
what are the different types of fetal lie positions
longitudinal
transverse
oblique
what is fetal atitude
relationship of fetal parts to one another
what are the different types of fetal attitude
extended
brow
flexed
what are the different types of fetal presentation
breech
cephlocaudal
shoulder
compound
what is engagement
when the largest presenting part passes through the pelvic inlet
what are the different types of cephalic presentations
