Obs Flashcards

1
Q

Investiagtions to explore fertility in men and women

A

Men: Serum analysis
Women: Serum progesterone at 21 days and Consider ultrasound scan.

Counsel on: folic acid, SNAPV

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2
Q

9 weeks pregnant women comes with PV bleeding. Tissue has passed through her vagina and her cervix is closed.

A

Complete miscarriage.

Pain and uterine contractions stop after fetus has been expelled
Diagnosis: U/S shows an empty uterus

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3
Q

A gestational sac which contains a dead fetus before 20 weeks without the symptoms of expuslion

A

Missed (delayed) miscarriage

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4
Q

Pregnant lady with slight bleeding, discharge. Cervical os is closed.
when the gestational sac is > 25 mm and no embryonic/fetal part can be seen it is sometimes described as a ‘blighted ovum’ or ‘anembryonic pregnancy’

A

Missed (delayed) miscarriage

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5
Q

heavy bleeds in a pregannt lady with clots and pain. Cervical os is open:

A

Inevitable miscarriage

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6
Q

Not all products of the conception have been expelled. Pain and vaginal bleeding - cervical os is open

A

Incomplete miscarriage

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7
Q

In a female with Post menopausal bleeding the diagnosis is _____ until proven otherwise

A

Endometrial adenocarcinoma

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8
Q

What is Sheehan’s syndrome?

A

Hypopituitarism caused by ischaemic necrosis due to blood loss and hypovolaemic shock

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9
Q

What are the features of Sheehan’s syndrome?

A

Agalactorrhea, Amenorrhea, Symptoms of hypothyroidism, Symptoms of hypoadrenalism

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10
Q

Four causes of primary amenorrhea?

A

Turner’s syndrome, testicular feminisation, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, congenital malformations of the genital tract

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11
Q

A second degree perineal tear goes to the ______

A

subcutaneous or submucosal tissue

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12
Q

RF for perineal tears?

A

Primigravida, large babies, precipitant labour, shoulder dystocia, forceps delivery

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13
Q

What is the down syndrome serum screening in the second trimester?

A

AFP, Unconjugated Oestriol, b-hCG, Inhibin A

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14
Q

Anaemia in pregnancy:
1st trim, Hb < ____
2nd/3rd Trim Hb < ____

A

First trimester less than 110

Second trimester less than <105

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15
Q

Mother in third trimester. Faints and has severe abdominal pain. Low BP, tachycardic. Cold to touch…

A

Placental abruption

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16
Q

A 31-year-old woman presents with painless vaginal bleeding at 15 weeks gestation. She has not yet had any antenatal care despite suffering from severe vomiting. On examination the uterus is large for dates

A

Hydatiform mole

17
Q

_____ and _______ can be used as tocolytics

A

indomethacin and salbutamol

18
Q

4 T’s of PPH

A

Tone
Tissue (retained placenta)
Trauma
Thrombin (coagulation abnormalities)

19
Q

Vitamin _____in high doses can be teratogenic

A

Vit A

20
Q

Role of D-Dimer in pregnancy?

A

No role - as it is already physiologically elevated.

21
Q

Haematocrit and Hb - increase or decrease in pregnancy?

A

They decrease - because of volume expansion, the blood dilutes and hence they become less concentrated.

22
Q

TBG - increase or decrease in pregnancy?

A

Increased TBG and T4/T3.

Beta-hCG acts on the TSH receptors hence causes hyperthyroidism?

23
Q

What is the strongest risk factor for pre-term birth?

A

Prior pre-term birth

24
Q

Immediate management after a seziure?

A

First give MgSO4 Bolus - then labetalol for BP