Objectives for Exam 1:

Question 1

(1) What are the definitions of nursing?

Answer 1

1. Latin: nutrix (to nourish)
2. International council of nurses definition: promotion of health, prevention of illness, and collaborative care.
3. American Nurse Association: Protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and population
4. Patient is the central focus of all definitions: It includes physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of the person

Question 2

(1) Describe the criteria by which nursing can be identified as a profession.

Answer 2

1. Well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge
2. Strong service orientation
3. Recognized authority by a professional group
4. Code of Ethics
5. Professional organization (ANA) that sets standards
6. Ongoing research
7. Autonomy and self-regulation

Question 3

(1) Identify the qualities of nurses.

Answer 3

American Association of College of Nursing:
Altruism
Autonomy
Human dignity
Integrity
Social justice.

Question 4

(1) List the roles of a professional nurse and describe the functions of each.

Answer 4

Caregiver
Communicator
Teacher/Educator
Counselor
Leader
Researcher
Advocate
Collaborator

Question 5

(1) Explain the role of the caregiver:

Answer 5

taking care of the patient

Question 6

(1) explain the role of the communicator:

Answer 6

talking to a patient and talking to everyone who will be in line with the patient’s care.

Question 7

(1) Describe the levels of nursing education.

Answer 7

Practical and vocational nursing education (LPN)
Registered nursing education (RN), 3 Routes:
1. Diploma
2. Associate degree (ADN)
3. Baccalaureate (BSN)
Graduate education: (MSN, APRNs, DNP, PhD): clinical nurse specialists, nurse anesthetists, and nurse midwives

Question 8

(1) Identify QSEN competencies in nursing education.

Answer 8

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses

Project for preparing future nurses with the Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes (KSAs) necessary to continuously improve the quality and safety of the health care systems within which they work
Patient-Centered Care
Teamwork and Collaboration
Evidence-based Practice(EBP)
Quality Improvement (QI)
Safety
Informatics

Question 9

(1) State the purpose of conceptual and theoretical models in nursing.

Answer 9

the purpose of both. conceptual and theoretical models in nursing include developing a plan for nursing care, having a rationale/reason as to why you are performing actions, organizing concepts of nursing, identifying nursing care goals, and leading to improved patient care.

Question 10

(1) Discuss the use of conceptual and theoretical models in nursing.

Answer 10

to collect, organize, and classify patient data as well as understand, analyze and interpret patients’ health situations.

Question 11

(1) Identify basic concepts of selected theoretical models.

Answer 11

basic concepts of most theoretical models: patient, nurse, health, and environment

Florence nightingale: focused on the patient’s environment

Hildegard Peplau: believed nursing was a goal-oriented process that is therapeutic and interpersonal.

virginia Henderson: believed nursing was about assisting a person to become independent

Question 12

(5) 1. Define health.

Answer 12

traditional: the presence or absence of health
Florence Nightingale: the state of wellbeing, using every power to the fullest extent

Question 13

(5) 2. Identify concepts related to health.

Question 14

(5) 3. Explain the use of the health-illness continuum model in identifying a patient’s level of health.

Answer 14

Measures a person’s level of health.
Views health as a constantly changing state with high-level wellness and death on opposite sides of a continuum.

Question 15

(5) 4. Discuss variables influencing health beliefs and practices.

Answer 15

internal and external variables:

internal:
biological/physical, psychologic or emotional, cognititve.

external:
economic situation
living environment
family and cultural beliefs

Question 16

(5) 5. Define illness.

Answer 16

the unique response of a person to disease; an abnormal process involving a changed level of functioning.

Question 17

(5) 6. Identify the stages of illness.

Answer 17

Stage I:
Experiencing symptoms- The patient recognizes that something is wrong based on associated symptoms.

Stage 2: Assuming the sick role- The patient is unable to perform normal duties and determines that professional care is needed.
❖Seeks validation of the illness and treatment to alleviate the symptoms.
❖Patient seeks information about the anticipated length of illness.

Stage 3: Assuming a dependent role
The patient accepts the diagnosis and treatment of the healthcare provider.
❖The kind of treatment and severity of the illness determines the extent of the dependence.

Stage 4: Achieving recovery and rehabilitation
❖Patient is no longer dependent.
❖Gradual return to normal roles and functioning.

Question 18

(5) 7. Describe characteristics of the “Sick Role”.

Answer 18

❖Patient is unable to perform normal duties and determines that professional care is needed.
❖Seeks validation of the illness and treatment to alleviate the symptoms.
❖Patient seeks information about the anticipated length of illness.

Question 19

(5) 8. Identify variables influencing illness behavior.

Answer 19

internal/external variables

Question 20

(5) 9. Discuss the impact of illness on the patient and
family.

Answer 20

Role changes in family
* Financial pressures
* Increased stress and anxiety * Increased time demands

On the patient
* Behavioral/emotional changes
* Body image/self concept changes * Lifestyle changes

Question 21

(5) 10. Differentiate illness from disease and acute illness from chronic illness.

Answer 21

acute: comes about very quickly and can go away just as fast
chronic: does not go away

a person with an acute illness can restore their initial health status but a person with a chronic illness cannot get rid of it.

Question 22

(5) 11. Compare health promotion and illness preventative activities.

Answer 22

Health promotion is finding ways to help individuals, whether well or sick, develop a state of physical, spiritual, and mental well-being and illness preventative activities aims to prevent the illness from occurring in the first place.

Question 23

(5) 12. Identify tools and programs used to promote
health.

Answer 23

Healthy People 2020

Question 24

(5) 13. Discuss the three levels of illness prevention.

Answer 24

1. Primary Prevention – activities designed to prevent or slow the onset of disease; health risk assessment to identify potential problem areas.
2. ❖Secondary Prevention – activities that detect early symptoms of disease and promotes health maintenance for patient’s symptoms; goal is to reverse or reduce the severity of the disease or provide a cure.

❖Tertiary Prevention - focus on stopping progression of disease and return the individual to optimal functioning.

Question 25

(5) 14. Discuss the delivery of health care

Answer 25

there are many discriminatory practices that we have to be
aware of as healthcare providers.

❖Increased number of elderly ❖Advances in technology ❖Economics
❖Uneven distribution of services ❖Access to health insurance ❖Homeless and poor

Question 26

(5) 15. Describe nursing interventions that promote
health.

Answer 26

Educate
Advocate
Reinforce
* teach individuals, the public, and the community
* Identify risk behaviors; perform screenings
* Be aware of your own health issues, belief, etc.
* Be aware of health care costs
* You are the voice for adequate care for every individual. Facilitate change
* Reinforce health-promoting behaviors

Question 27

(5) 16. Identify outcome criteria used to evaluate nursing interventions.

Answer 27

Outcome criteria are expected end results based on standards of practice for a specific home care problem (i.e., disease process, etc.).

Question 28

(2) Describe the relationship of Maslow’s Hierarchy to nursing practice.

Answer 28

Maslow’s Hierarchy can help nurses prioritize care

Question 29

(2) 2. Describe assessment techniques for identifying unmet needs of individuals.

Question 30

(2) 3. Identify nursing diagnoses appropriate for unmet patient needs

Question 31

(2) 4. Discuss the use of Maslow’s Hierarchy in setting priorities for nursing care.

Question 32

(2) 5. Identify factors which influence patient’s ability to meet needs throughout the life cycle.

Question 33

(2) 6. Identify outcome criteria for evaluating the patient’s response to interventions.

Question 34

(2) 7. Identify the components of a family health assessment.

Question 35

(2) 8. Identify common risk factors regarding family health.

Question 36

(2) 9. Develop nursing diagnoses related to family functioning.

Question 37

(2) 10. Describe the characteristics of a healthy community.

Question 38

(2) 11. Identify major components of the community care and community subsystem.

Question 39

(2) 12. Describe areas of Community Health Practice.