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Physiology Chapter 6 Quiz > Objectives 1-5 > Flashcards

Objectives 1-5 Flashcards

0
Q

Periosteum

A

Membranous outer covering of a long bone

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1
Q

6 functions of the bone

A 
Support
Protection
Assisting in movement 
Mineral homeostasis
Production of blood cells
Triglyceride storage
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2
Q

Ednochondral

A

The method of ossification forming most bones

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3
Q

Epiphysis

A

The enlarged ends of a long bone

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4
Q

Hyaline

A

Articulate cartilage is an example of the cartilage type

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5
Q

Haversian canal

A

The center of an osteomyelitis which carries blood vessels longitudinally through bone

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6
Q

Diaphysis

A

The shaft of a long bone

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7
Q

Lamellae

A

Rings of bony tissue filled with minerals and surrounding the Haversian canal

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8
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells

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9
Q

Spongy

A

Bone that contains numerous air spaces between cells

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10
Q

Lacunae

A

Microscopic cavities in bone containing osteocytes

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11
Q

Medullary canal

A

A space in bone which contains morrow

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12
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone forming cell

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13
Q

Compact

A

Very dense bone with no air spaces within

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14
Q

Canaliculi

A

Small channels connecting lacunae with each other

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15
Q

Osteon (Haversian System)

A

The unit of structure in compact bone

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16
Q

Matrix

A

The mineral part of the bone

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17
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

The growth area in bones where epiphysis joins diaphysis

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18
Q

Connective

A

Bone is an example of this major tissue type

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19
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Bone disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and increased susceptibility to fractures

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20
Q

Diaphysis

A

The area of a long bone containing the thickest layer of compact bone

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21
Q

Long bones

A

Greater length than width

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22
Q

Short bones

A

Somewhat cube shaped

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23
Q

Flat bones

A

Very thin

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24
Q

Irregular bones

A

Complex shape

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25
Q

Endosteum

A

Membrane that lines the medullary cavity

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26
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Huge cells that breakdown the matrix of the bone

Needed for growth and repair

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27
Q

Axial skeleton

A 
Skull
Hyoid 
Auditory
Ossicles
Vertebral column
Thorax
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28
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Pectoral girdle
Upper limbs
Pelvic girdle
Lower limbs

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29
Q

Cranial bones

A 
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
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30
Q

Facial bones

A 
Nasal
Maxillae
Zygomatic 
Mandible
Lacrimal
Palatine 
Inferior nasal conchae
Vomer
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31
Q

Suture

A

Immovable joint found only in the skull

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32
Q

4 Sutures

A

Coronal-between the frontal and parietal bones
Saggital-between the 2 parietal bones
Lamboidal-between the parietal and occipital
Squamous-between parietal and temporal

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33
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A 
Lined with mucous membranes 
Frontal 
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxillae
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34
Q

Fontanels

A 
Membrane filled spaces between cranial bones at birth
Anterior
Posterior 
Anterolateral
Posterolateral
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35
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Doesn’t connect with any other bone

Supports the tongue

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36
Q

Vertebral column

A

Encloses and protects the spinal cord

Supports the head

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37
Q

33 bones in several regions

A 
Cervical vertebrae-neck
Thoracic vertebrae-chest
Lumbar vertebrae-lower back
Sacrum
Coccyx
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38
Q

Processes

A

Points of attachment for muscles with other vertebrae

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39
Q

Thorax

A

Entire chest

Protects and encloses organs in the thoracic and upper abdominal cavity

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40
Q

Sternum

A

Thoracic bone

Breast bone

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41
Q

True ribs

A

Attach directly to sternum

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42
Q

False ribs

A

Attach indirectly or not at all to sternum

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43
Q

Floating ribs

A

False ribs that do not connect to the sternum at all

44
Q

Shoulder girdle

A

Attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton

Made of right and left collar bone and scapula

45
Q

Clavicle bone

A

Collar bone

Most frequently broken bone in the body

46
Q

Scapula

A

Shoulder bone

47
Q

Humerous

A

Arm bone

48
Q

Ulna

A

On the medial bone (little finger side)

49
Q

Radial

A

On the lateral bone (thumb side)

50
Q

Carpals

A

2 rows in wrists

51
Q

Metacarpals

A

Bones in the hand

Heads-the knuckles

52
Q

Phalanges

A

Form the 5 fingers

53
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Consists of 2 hips bones (vocal bones)

54
Q

Pelvis

A

Formed by the sacrum and coccyx

55
Q

Hip bones

A

Llium-largest, most superior
Ischium-lower, posterior
Pubis-lower, anterior

56
Q

Femur

A

Thigh bones

Largest/strongest in the body

57
Q

Patella

A

Knee cap

58
Q

Tibia

A

Shin bone

Larger medial bone of the leg

59
Q

Fibula

A

Thinner smaller bone of the leg

Lateral to tibia

60
Q

Tarsals

A

Form the posterior half of each foot

61
Q

Metatarsals

A

The anterior half of the foot

62
Q

Phalanges

A

Form the 5 tarsals (toes)

63
Q

Bones of a male

A

Generally larger and heavier
Articular ends are thicker
Have more prominent markings for muscle attachment
Females have a wider pelvis

64
Q

Aging of bones

A

They become brittle

Bones lose mass

65
Q

Bunion

A

Deformity of the big toe

Causes bone spurs, calluses and bursitis

66
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degeneration of articular cartilage so the bony ends touch

67
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Infection in the bone

68
Q

Scoliosis

A

Sideways bending if the vertebral column usually in the thoracic region

69
Q

Which 3 bones fuse together to form the hip bones?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

70
Q

What type of bone form most of the epiphysis of long bones and consists of trabeculae that surround spaces filled with red bone marrow?

A

Spongy bone

71
Q

What name is given to the formation of bone

A

Ossification

72
Q

Which bone is the only moveable one in the skull?

A

Mandible

73
Q

The ribs and cranial bones are classified as what type of bone?

A

Flat bones

74
Q

What condition results from sideways bending of the vertebral column?

A

Scoliosis

75
Q

What are the units of structure in compact bone with little space between them?

A

Osteon (Haversian System)

76
Q

In a typical long bone, what type of cartilage is the articular cartilage composed of?

A

Hyaline

77
Q

What bones make the pectoral girdle?

A

Clavicle and scapula

78
Q

Yellow bone marrow consists mainly of___

A

Adipose

79
Q

What bone disorder occurs when bone destruction outpaces bone formation due to the depletion of calcium?

A

Osteoporosis

80
Q

What name is given to the 7 pairs of ribs that attach directly to he sternum by means of costal cartilage?

A

True ribs

81
Q

What name is given to the center of an osteon that carries blood vessels longitudinally through the bone?

A

Haversian Canal

82
Q

Which bone is the largest, strongest and heaviest?

A

Femur

83
Q

What name is given to the shaft of a bone?

A

Diaphysis

84
Q

The bones of the thighs, forearms, and fingers are classified as what type of bone?

A

Long bones

85
Q

What are the neck vertebrae called?

A

Cervical

86
Q

In an osteon, what name is given to the rings of hard, calcified matrix that surround the central canal?

A

Lamellae

87
Q

In an osteon, what name is given to the tiny channels connecting the central canal to lacunae?

A

Canaliculi

88
Q

Name the hole in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes

A

Vertebral foramen

89
Q

Where does bone growth occur in a long bone?

A

Epiphyseal plate

90
Q

The nasal bone, maxilla and mandible are part of what group of bones?

A

Facial

91
Q

What method of ossification forms most bones?

A

Endochondral

92
Q

Cleft palate occurs when what bones fail to unite?

A

Maxillary

93
Q

Name the region of the long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis

A

Metaphysis

94
Q

Which bone located under the jaw does not articulate with any other bone?

A

Hyoid bone

95
Q

Name the scroll like bones in the nasal cavity whose job is to filter air before it gets to the lungs

A

Inferior nasal conchae

96
Q

Name the soft spots in the cranium of a child that has not completely ossified

A

Fontanelles

97
Q

What name is given to the spaces in compact bone that contain osteocytes?

A

Lacunae

98
Q

To what group of bones does the temporal bone belong?

A

Cranial

99
Q

What name is given to the membrane that lines the medullary cavity?

A

Endosteum

100
Q

Name the type of cell that builds bone tissue

A

Osteoblasts

101
Q

Name the type of cell that destroys the matrix of a bone

A

Osteoclasts

102
Q

What is the name for he immovable joint in the skull formed where skull bones fuse together?

A

Suture

103
Q

What cranial bone has a shape that resembles a bat?

A

Sphenoid

104
Q

Name the part of none that contains water, collagen, and minerals like calcium

A

Matrix

105
Q

Name the cell that develops into osteoblasts

A

Osteogenic cells

106
Q

To what major division of the skeleton do the pectoral and pelvic girdles belong?

A

Appendicular

107
Q

6 functions of the skeleton system

A 
Support
Protection
Assisting in movement
Mineral homeostasis 
Production of blood cells
Triglyceride storage

Physiology Chapter 6 Quiz (2 decks)

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