Objectives 1,2,3,6,7,9 w pictures Flashcards
Describe the evolution and purpose of the National Ski Patrol?s OEC program.
Dr. Bowman created the concept of intermediate outdoor medical care, where OEC technicians would initiate care in the wilderness, continue care during transport, and further continue care in a first aid room or clinic.
Describe the history of the National Ski Patrol.
Founded by Minnie Dole 1936, Warren Bowman wrote OEC in 1985 (Father of OEC), Federal Charter 1980
Identify the founder of the National Ski Patrol.
Minnie Dole
Describe the role of National Ski Patrol in the formation of the U.S. Army?s 10th Mountain Division.
Army needed a Cold Weather unit after seeing the air force search and rescue, NSP was authorized to recruit 7000 volunteers
Compare and contrast the OEC textbook and OEC course/curriculum.
OEC Text is core curriculum, training includes local protocols
Describe the organization of the OEC worktext and its use during an OEC course or OEC refresher course.
First learn basic anatomy, then assesment, then critical intervention, documentation
Describe the OEC certification and recertification processes.
Initial course, then written and practical exam, certified for 3 years, but need refresher every year covering 1/3 of the course, recertified after 3 years. Must do CPR and AED training every year.
Contrast the standard of training and standard of care.
Standard of care isa level of care an OEC Technician must render based on OEC training, local medical protocols, and the requirements of a state’s emergency medical system. Standard of training is the training of National Ski Patrol OEC Technicians as set forth in the OEC course, using this text as a reference.
Define abandonment
to withdraw one’s support or help from, especially in spite of duty, allegiance, or responsibility.
Define assault
placing somebody into a position where he or she reasonably fears that battery will occur.
Define battery
the act of touching someone without his or her consent.
breach of duty
the failure to perform a promised act or obligation of due care.
consent
to give permission or approval to something proposed or requested.
duty to act
a person’s legal obligation to provide something to another individual.
negligence
the failure to exercise the care that a reasonably prudent person with similar training would exercise in a similar circumstance.
expressed consent
consent given when a competent injured person gives permission to provide first aid treatment and transportation.
implied consent
a form of consent that is not expressly granted by a person, but instead is inferred from a person’s actions and the facts and circumstances of a particular situation.
informed consent
consent a person gives based upon an appreciation and understanding of the facts, implications, and possible future consequences of an action.
minor consent
consent a parent or legal guardian gives for the treatment of a minor because legally the minor is not competent to give consent to medical treatment; the ability to provide such consent varies among states.
Describe the impact of Good Samaritan laws on volunteer rescuers.
laws that protect a person from legal liability when the person volunteers to perform an act to help someone else.
List six attributes of an emergency care system.
Integration of Health Services Research, Legislation and Regulation, System Finance, Human Resources, Medical Direction, Education System, Public Education, Prevention, Public Access, Communication Systems, Clinical Care, Information, Evaluation
List four nationally recognized prehospital emergency care provider levels.
EMR, EMT, AEMT, Paramedic
Compare and contrast direct medical oversight and indirect medical oversight.
direct oversight is communication over radio/telephone, indirect is preauthorized permissions to administer oxygen, etc. to speed up routine care
Describe the purpose of quality improvement.
Quality Improvements are to improve care. Prospective QI is training and protocols, Concurrent QI is online medical direction and instructor presence at scene, Retrospective QI is case reviews, after action reports and remedial training.
Describe how the body regulates temperature.
Temp regulation occurs automatically and is controlled by the brain’s Hypothalamus, using neural feedback mechanism from temp receptors located thoughout the body.
Describe the four mechanisms of heat exchange.
Convection (Air), Radiation (heat escaping), Evaporation (perspiration), Conduction (direct touch)
Describe the ?fight or flight? response.
The body’s response to stress is release of epinephrin (Adrenaline), causing elevated heart rate and blood pressure, pupil dilation, increased respiratory rate, airway capacity,and increased blood flow.
Describe the steps an OEC Technician can take to be prepared when responding to a request for assistance.
Environmental Consideration (prepare for coming weather), Mental Preparedness, Physical Fitness (Sleep and Fatigue, Food and Nutrition, Alcohol and substance abuse), Proper Equipment (First Aid and Survival Pack, Clothing (3 layers), Skin and Eye Protection), Hydration.
Describe how layering clothing can help preserve body heat.
- Base layer (tight to body, wick away moisture, made of of synthetic or silk), 2. Middle Layer for Insulation (Fleeze, wool, down), 3. Outer Layer for water and wind repellant.
Describe the five modes of disease transmission.
- Direct Contact 2. Indirect Contact (touching soiled object) 3. Airborne Transmission 4.Ingestion 5. Vector borne (ticks, mosquitos)
pathogen
an infectious agent that can cause disease or illness.
Standard Precautions
the practice of protecting health care workers from exposure to bodily fluids based on the assumption that all patients are potentially infectious.
body substance isolation (BSI)
the practice of isolating all bodily substances (blood, urine, tears, feces, and so on) of patients from rescuers in order to decrease disease transmission.
hazardous material
substances that have the potential to harm people, animals, or the environment.
List common personal protective equipment used by OEC Technicians.
Disposable Gloves, Eye Gloves (goggles), Surgical mask, Medical Gown (Ski clothing)
Describe the four components of the scene size-up.
Scene Safety, MOI or NOI, # of patients, additional resources
Describe and demonstrate how to ensure scene safety.
Look for danger from steep hills, electricity, other terrain obstacles, other skiers, etc. Place people / skis in a position to mark the rescue spot
Describe chain of custody.
Secure a scene, do not touch or remove any objects unless absolutely necessary for the rescue, document anything moved or changed. Use the most experienced ski patrol, minimum number, and let law enforcement dictate how a scene is entered.
anatomy
the study of human and animal structures, including gross anatomy (structures that can be seen with the unaided eye) and microscopic anatomy (structures visible only through a microscope).
body system
a group of organs and other structures that work together to perform specific functions.
cell
the basic unit of all living tissue.
homeostasis
A stable condition for all bisy systems
organ
a structure containing similar tissues that act together to perform specific body functions.
physiology
the study of how living organisms function (e.g., movement or reproduction).