objective data Flashcards
pallor around the lips, that is seen in anemia and shock
circumolar pallor
bluish lips that may result from cold or hypoxia
cyanotic
are seen in clients with ketoacidosis, carbon monoxide poisoning, and COPD (Chromic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) with polycythemia
reddish lips
common in local or systemic allergic or anaphylactic reactions
swelling of the lips (edema)
may appear as brown dots or cover more extensive areas of chewing surfaces
tooth decay (caries)
seen when upper or lower incisors protrude
malocclusion of teeth
red, swollen gums that bleed are seen in…
gingivitis, scurvy (vitamin C deficiency) and leukemia
receding red gums with loss of teeth are seen in…
periodontitis
enlarged reddened gums that may cover some of the normally exposed teeth
hyperplasia
a bluish-black or grey-whute line along the gum is seen in
lead poisoning
chalky white raised patches may be seen in chronic irritation, heavy smoking and alcohol use
leukoplakia
whitish, curd-like patches that scrape off over reddened mucosa and bleed easily indicate whay kind of infection?
“thrush”(candida albicans) infection
tiny whitish spots that lie over reddened mucosa are an early signs of measles
koplik spots
brown patches inside the cheeks of clients with addison disease
chronic adrenocortical insufficiency
seen with conditions causing hyposalivation, heavy smoking, alocohol intake, use of antibiotics that inhibit normal bacteria leading to fungus, use of mouth washes
black hairy tongue
smooth red shiny tongue seen in
niacin or vitamin B 12 deficiency
a very small tongue suggests what?
malnutrition
the area underneath the tongue is the most common site of
oral cancer
openings from the submandibular salivary galnds, located on the either side of the frenulum on the floor of the mouth
wharton ducts
may be seen on the side of the tongue in clients, receiving certain kinds of chemotheraphy
canker sores
persistent lesions, ulcer or nodules may indicate cancer and should be evaluated medically
leukoplakia
the side of the tongue is the most common site of
tongue cancer
a bony protuberance in the midline of the hard palate called a
torus palatinus
may appear as thick white plaques in the hard palate.
candidal infection
deep purple, raised or flat lesions may indicate a
kaposi sarcoma
an opening in the hard palate is known as
cleft palate
associated with diabetic ketoacidosis
fruity or acetone breath
associated with kidney disease
ammonia odor
may indicate an oral or respiratory disorder
foul odors
occurs in bowel obstruction
fecal breath odor
occurs in end-stage liver disease
sulfur odor
fleshy solid structure that hangs freely in the midline
uvula
a bright red throat with white or yellow exudates
pharyngitis
yellowish mucus on throat may be seen with
postnasal sinus drainage
is swollen and pale pink or bluish gray in clients with allergies
nasal mucosa
is red and swollen with upper respiratory infection
nasal mucosa
common with infection and may range from large amounts of watery discharge to thick yellow green, purulent discharge
exudate
may appear to be an over growth of tissue
deviated septum
this is a normal finding as long as breathing is not obstructed
deviated septum
is seen with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis
purulent-nasal discharge
may be noted on the lower anterior part of the nasal septum with local irritation
bleeding (epistaxis) or crusting
may be seen with the use of cocaine, trauma, chronic infection or chronic nose picking
ulcers of the nasal mucosa or perforated septum
are tender to palpation in clients with allergies or acute bacterial rhinosinusitis
frontal or maxillary sinuses
URI
upper respiratory infection
