Objective 3 Vocab Flashcards
Prefix
A morpheme that comes before the base or root word to alter its meaning
Suffix
A morpheme or an affix that comes after a base word or root word. Two categories derivational and inflected endings.
Inflected Ending or Inflections
Categorized by 5 grammatical functions 1) Plurality 2) verb tense 3) possession 4) comparison 5) adverb -ly
these make sentences more grammatically acceptable but do not change the word’s part of speech.
ELL students often have a hard time with these.
Derivational Suffixes
Used to alter a word’s part of speech
Ex. act is a verb
action is a noun
active is an adjective
Part of Speech
categories of words such as verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs and prepositions. They fill ‘slots’ in sentences based on their function
Affixes
either prefixes or suffixes and are added to base or root words to change their grammatical functions or their part of speech
Morpheme
The smallest unit of meaning in a language. Suffixes, roots, bases, and prefixes. Free morphemes can stand alone such as base words but bound morphemes must be attached to another word such as affixes or root words.
Ex. Sandboxes
3 morphemes
Sand box es
sand and box are free es is bound
Base Words
A free morpheme that captures the bulk of the meaning in a word
Compound words have two base words
Ex. the base word in rerun is run
Root Words
Bound morphemes that also captures the bulk of the meaning of a word.
Ex. vis in visible
aud in audile
Homograph
Words that are spelled or look the same but have two different meanings.
Ex. tear the paper and tear as in crying
Homophone
Words that sound alike but are spelled differently
Ex. to, too, and two
Etymology
The study of word origins
Ex. the origin of the microscope and biology are Greek
Context Clues
Help determine either the word identification or the word meaning. They are the words that surround an unfamiliar word that allow readers to use semantic (meaning) or syntactic (grammar) clues to determine the meaning or help to identify and pronounce the unfamiliar word.
Compound word
A word that is made up of two free morphemes.
Ex. campground
Common Syllable Types
6 single syllable types plus schwa
1) Open
2) Closed
3) silent e words
4) Double vowel
5) r-controlled
6) consonant -le
schwa (“uh”) sound
Syllable Division Rules for Multi-syllabic Words
While not 100% applicable there are some syllable division rules in English to help readers decipher unfamiliar multi-syllable words.
Orthography
The spelling system of a language…how words are spelled
Common Orthographic Rules or Patterns
Mnemonic rules for orthography include “I before e except after c” as in theif vs. receive
Spelling by Analogy
we use spelling patterns (word families or rimes) to spell longer multisyllabic words
Ex. magic helps us to spell magician correctly
Cognate
roots or words that are used in more than one language that share spelling, pronunciation and meaning.
Ex. night in English, nuit in French, and n
