Objective 1 Flashcards
A ____________ is an organization where digital technology enables them to do business significantly differently, or to do significantly different business.
Digital Organization
_____________ is the application of digital technology for significant business enablement, where speed is crucial.
High Velocity IT
___________ is the use of digital technology to enable significant improvement in the realization of an organization’s objectives that could not have been feasibly achieved by non digital means.
Digital Transformation
Significant enabler for internal processes and a strategic part of business model
Digital Technology
Becoming ‘_______’ is part of an organization’s culture
digital first
Where business and IT are regarded as separate organizational functions, “____________” can be used to denote major change to improve how IT services are provided
IT transformation
If IT is not separate from the business, then there is no clear distinction between _______ transformation and _____ transformation
Digital, IT
A ______ is a configuration of an organization’s resources designed to offer value for a
consumer
Product
_______________ is technology that digitizes something or processes digital data
Digital Technology
Digital technology includes ___ and ___
IT, OT
Provides users with information
Information Technology
Detects or changes the state of physical devices
Operational Technology
Transformation involves ____ and ____
Costs and Risks
Transformation is appropriate when ____ is available
funding
Transformation is appropriate when there is a clear ____
ROI
Transformation is appropriate when it fits the organization’s ____ _____
Risk Appetite
Transformation is appropriate when it fits the organization’s ___________
Culture
What are the 5 objectives associated with digital products?
Valuable Investments Fast Development Resilient operations Co-created value Assured conformance
What is Nature, speed and dynamics of change?
Volatility
What is the lack of predictability, prospects of surprise?
Uncertainty
What is Many forces, confounding issues, no cause/effect chain?
Complexity
What is Haziness of reality, easy to misread, mixed meanings?
Ambiguity
What are the 5 steps of a digital product lifecyle
Explore Onboard Co-create Offboard Retired
What behavior of high velocity IT does this describe?
Favor experimentation and don’t be afraid to fail safely
Deal with uncertainty
What behavior of high velocity IT does this describe?
▪ Respect professional skills and trust people to make decisions
▪ Be considerate to fellow human beings
▪ Provide honest, but considerate, feedback
▪ Share knowledge
Trust and be trusted
What behavior of high velocity IT does this describe?
▪ Often a step change, maybe even a leap of faith
▪ Achieve higher velocity AND improve quality
▪ Involves time and effort
▪ May be seen as too risky, depending on organization culture
Commit to higher performance
What behavior of high velocity IT does this describe?
▪ Help somebody solve their problems and become what they want to
▪ Recognizes how customers feel
Help get customers’ jobs done
What behavior of high velocity IT does this describe?
▪ The root cause of everything is ignorance
▪ Data driven experiments challenge and improve hypotheses
▪ Short feedback loops are key to learning
Improve by being inquisitive
____ is a system of principles which defines what is good for individuals and society
Ethics
______ is a climate in which people are comfortable being (and expressing) themselves
Safety culture
______ is characterized as a work environment where trust, respect, curiosity, inquiry,
playfulness and intensity all co-exist to support learning and discovery
Lean Culture
Which key ingredient to a lean culture is:
Assured reliance on the character, ability, strength, or truth of someone or
something (team, work process, etc.)
Trust
Which key ingredient to a lean culture is:
Giving particular attention, consideration, special regard and esteem to another
Respect
Which key ingredient to a lean culture is:
Relentless desire to know how and why things work, what makes things work
better, and what better looks like
Curiosity
Which key ingredient to a lean culture is:
Systematic search for the facts about the nature of things: their origins, their
causes, their interdependencies, their lifecycles, their nature
Inquiry
Which key ingredient to a lean culture is:
Fresh fun way of viewing ideas and their relationship to other ideas while
simultaneously maintaining serious focus and whimsical silliness
Palyfullness
Which key ingredient to a lean culture is:
Deep focus on the topic at hand and the persistence not to become distracted or
lose the path
Intensity
________ is a pattern for scientific thinking and routines for practice and coaching
Toyota Kata
What is the first step of Toyota Kata?
Get the direction or challenge (What are we trying to achieve)
What is the second step of Toyota Kata?
Grasp the current condition ( Where are we now?)
What is the third step of Toyota Kata?
Establish your next target condition
What is the forth step of Toyota Kata?
Experiments, obtacles
Which HVIT approach helps to improve throughput and reduce waste?
Lean
Which HVIT approach Adds close and iterative collaboration with users?
Agile
Which HVIT approach is achieved through DevSecOp,SRE?
Resilience
Which HVIT approach makes use of CI/CD techniques?
Continous
__________ is a mental model of economic exchange in which stakeholders co-create value by applying their competences and other resources.
Service-dominant logic
_________ refers to the cognitive and practical processes by which design concepts are
developed
Design Thinking
________ _______ is a systems thinking approach based on the recognition and understanding of the various levels of complexity inherent in systems and the context in which they operate
Complexity thinking
_______ is a sense-making framework to deal with complexity
Cynefin
_______ is a Complex adaptive systems that increase in capability, resilience, or robustness, as a result
of stress or failure
Antifragility
______ involve identifying and justifying digital investments that would contribute significantly to the business strategy
Valuable Investments
________ is necessary to co-create value while minimizing costs and risks that arise from
unfulfilled demand and from idle capacity
Prioritization
_______ prioritizes work by estimating the cost of delaying a new or improved service
offering
Cost of Delay
_______ prioritizes work by assessing each product and deciding which of the three investment strategies best applies to it
Buy/Hold/Sell
What prioritization method prioritizes everything from 1 to n
Stacked Rankings
What prioritization method prioritizes things based on the degree to which it will satisfy customers
Kano
Prioritization based on the Net Present Value of the investment’s cost
NPV
Prioritization based on the Return on Investment of the investment’s cost
ROI
Prioritization Techniques
Capability of the organization to successful deliver the results desired
Feasibility
Prioritization Techniques
Consistency within organization’s strategic direction
Fit
_____ is one that has just enough features to enable its early assessment and collection of feedback for future development
Minimum viable product (or service)
____ _______ is responsible for the establishment and prioritization of requirements and communicating them to the development team
Product or service owner
_______ is a time-limited experiment in which one group of users (control group) is provided with an old version of a product or service, while a second group (treatment group) receives the new product/feature
A/B Testing
______ is the practice of ensuring that an organization has the right mix of programs, projects, products and services to execute its strategy within its funding and resource constraints
Portfolio management
_______is the practice of establishing and nurturing links between an organization and its stakeholders at strategic and tactical levels
Relationship management
________ involves realizing new and improved digital products and services frequently, quickly, and reliably
Fast development
________ enables faster provisioning of environments, contributing to faster development and more resilient operations
Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
_______ is a key to IaC and means that a deployment command always configures the target environment to the specified state, regardless of what is was previously
Idempotence
Which Fast Development technique is based on relatively small, independent components that enables work to be done in small, relatively independent, product- or service- based teams and platform-based teams
Loosely Coupled Information System Architecture
______ is used to gradually create a new application around an old one slowly replacing old code with new code
Application Strangulation
_____ is a variation of the service-oriented architecture in which an application is designed and developed as a set of small, loosely coupled services, each running in its own process and using lightweight mechanisms to communicate
Microservices
_____ is the technique of packing software into standardized lightweight, stand-alone, executable units for development, shipment, and deployment
Containerization
A _______ is a meeting held by a team at the end of an iteration (or ‘sprint’) or project to
discuss what went well, what could be improved, and how to benefit from the findings in the
future
retrospective
_________ is a non-judgmental description and analysis of the circumstances and
events that preceded an incident
Blameless post-mortem
What are these examples of?
o Infrastructure as code
o Loosely coupled information system architecture
o Reviews
o Continual business analysis
o Continuous integration/continuous delivery
o Continuous testing
o Kanban
Fast Development Techniques
Which Fast Development technique does tools like Vagrant, Ansible, Puppet, and Docker support?
Infrastructure as Code
Which fast development technique breaks down a system into parts that can be developed and managed relatively independently?
Loosely Coupled Information System Architecture
______________ is the process of continually identifying business needs and determining solutions to business problems
Continual business analysis
______ are developed and improved based on feedback reported by users or observed
indirectly
Products
Which fast development techniques is being described?
o Contributes to fast development and more resilient operations because deployments are more reliable
o Central philosophy in Lean and Agile software development
CI/CD
_______ is the integrating, building, and testing code within the software development environment
Continuous Integration
_____ means that built software can be released to production at any time
Continuous Delivery
________ allows changes to go through the pipeline and automatically get placed into the production environment, enabling multiple production deployments per day
Continuous Development
____ ensures that testing is conducted throughout the entire software development lifecycle, not just the point of deployment
Continuous testing
________ is a Lean method based on a highly visualized pull-based workflow that manages and
improves work across human systems by balancing demands with available capacity, and by
improving the handling of system-level bottlenecks
Kanban
Which fast development technique are these principles of?
o Visualizing work o Limiting work in progress o Managing flow o Making process policies explicit o Implementing feedback loops o Improving collaboration o Evolving experimentally
Kanban
_______ are a system of regular meetings that ensure effective communication.
Kanban Cadences
_______ is the practice of providing an understanding of the different elements that form an organization and how the elements interrelate to enable the organization to effectively achieve its current and future objectives
Architecture Management
Which practice provides principles, standards, and tools to enable the organization to manage complex
change in a structured and agile way?
Architecture Management
Which practice ensures that:
o Organization’s architecture is understood and mapped to the organization’s strategy
o Target organization’s architecture is identified and agreed
o Organization’s architecture is continually optimized to achieve the target architecture
Architecture Management
which 3 fast development technique does Architecture management contribute?
Infrastructure as Code
Loosely Coupled Information System Architecture
Continuous Testing
_____________ is the practice of analyzing a part or the entirety of a business, define its needs, and recommend solutions to address these needs and/or solve a business
problem
Business analysis management
which 2 fast development technique does Business Analysis Management contribute?
Loosely Coupled Information System Architecture
Continual Business Analysis
_________ ________ is the practice of moving new or changed hardware, software,documentation, processes, or any other component to liveenvironments; it may also beinvolved in deploying components to other environments for test
Deployment Management
which 5 fast development technique does Deployment Management contribute?
Infrastructure as Code Loosely Coupled Information System Architecture Continuous Testing Blameless Post-Mortems CI/CD
_______ ______ ___ _____ is the practice of ensuring that new or changed products and services meet defined requirements
Service Validation and Testing
which 3 fast development technique does Service Validation and Testing contribute?
Infrastructure as Code
Continuous Testing
CI/CD
_____ ______ __ _______ is the practice of ensuring that applications meet internal and external stakeholder needs, in terms of functionality, reliability, maintainability, compliance, and auditability
Software development and management
What describes the agreed criteria for a proposed product or service, reflecting functional and non-
functional requirements
Definition of Done
What practice contributes to the following fast development techniques?
Infrastructure as Code Loosely Coupled Information System Architecture Retrospectives Continual Business Analysis CI/CD Kanban
Software Development and Management
Which practice involves ensuring that digital products are available for use whenever needed?
Resilient Operations
Which practice is measured by Availability, Performance and Security?
Resilient Operations
Which type of techniques are the following?
o Technical debt o Chaos engineering o Definition of done o Version control o AIOps o ChatOps o Site reliability engineering
Resilient Operations Techniques
___________ is the total rework backlog accumulated by choosing workarounds instead of
system solutions that would take longer
Technical debt
______ ________is the discipline of experimenting on a system in order to build confidence in the system’s capability to withstand turbulent conditions in production
Chaos Engineering
Which resilient operation technique relies on four basic steps to address uncertainty of distributed systems?
▪ Define the steady state (normal behavior)
▪ Hypothesize that this steady state will continue
▪ Introduce variables that reflect real-world events
▪ Try to disprove the hypothesis
Chaos Engineering
_____ ______ is a tool that tests the resilience of IT systems by intentionally disabling components in production to test how remaining systems respond to the outage.
Chaos Monkey
_____ ______ is the administrative management of sources and artifacts of information systems, products, and services
Version control
______ is the application of machine learning and big data to IT operations to receive continuous insights which provide continuous fixes and improvements via automation
AIOps
______ is a model in which people, tools, process, and automation are connected in a transparent flow
ChatOps
___ _______ _______ is a discipline that incorporates aspects of software engineering and applies them to infrastructure and operations problems with the goal of creating ultra-scalable and highly reliable software systems
Site Reliability Engineering
What is defined as work that is:
▪ Manual - Requires hands-on time from humans
▪ Repetitive - Being done over and over again
▪ Automatable - Could be achieved by a machine, it doesn’t require human
judgement
▪ Tactical - It is interrupt-driven and reactive, rather than strategy-driven and
proactive
▪ Devoid of enduring value - Does not permanently improve the service
▪ Linearly scaling - Scales in proportion to the service size, traffic volume, or
user count
Toil
____ ______ is a control mechanism that allocates appropriate capacity to development work
for stability, ensuring the right balance
Error Budget
_______ ________ is the practice of ensuring that services deliver the agreed levels of availability to meet the needs of customers and users
Availability Management
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the ability of an IT service or other configuration item to perform its agreed function when required
Availability
_______ ___ _______ _______ is the practice of ensuring that services achieve the
agreed and expected levels of performance and satisfy current and future demand in a cost effective
way
Capacity and performance management
________ ___ _____ _________ is the practice of systematically observing services and
service components, and record and report selected changes of state identified as events.
Monitoring and event management
_______ _________ is the practice of reducing the likelihood and impact of incidents by
identifying actual and potential causes of incidents and managing workarounds and known
errors
Problem management
_______ ________ ________ is the practice of ensuring that the availability and performance of a service are maintained at sufficient levels in case of a disaster
Service continuity management
__________ ____ ______ ________ is the practice of overseeing oversee the infrastructure and platforms used by an organization
Infrastructure and platform management
_______ ________ refers to the fact that service consumers value a service that is based on a
combination of the technical output of the service and how it is perceived from a human
perspective
Service Experience
_________ _________ is the practice of establishing and nurturing links between an
organization and its stakeholders at strategic and tactical levels
Relationship management
_______ ________ is the practice of designing design products and services that are fit for purpose
and use, and that can be delivered by the organization and its ecosystem
Service design
_______ ________ involves ensuring that service provision and service consumption comply with corporate and regulatory directives with respect to governance, risk, and compliance
Assured conformance
_____ ______ is the application of digital technology for detecting or causing changes in physical devices through monitoring and/or control
OT Systems
__ _______ uses digitized data as an internal means to a physical goal
OT Systems
Which practice focuses on structuring interactions with stakeholders, establishing customer priorities for new or changed products and services, coordinating customer requirements and feedback, addressing complaints, and mediating conflicting requirements?
Relationship Management
Which practice focuses on articulating customer experience and user experience needs beyond a basic experience.
Service Design
Which practice includes infrastructure components, configuration settings, and virtual and physical infrastructure components that can be formally stored and managed using a version controlled repository. This helps to maintain proper version control of the infrastructure and platform in order to increase resiliency.
The infrastructure and platform management practice
The availability management practice is relevant to the technique of site reliability engineering by using _____ ______ to balance service reliability and innovation.
Error Budgets
Which practice is useful in automating IT processes to improve resilience and reduce toil
The problem management practice
Which practice helps us to decide the approach to take to developing software quickly and reliably.
Software development and management
Which practice is responsible for the detailed design, building, running, and management of loosely coupled software components.
Software development and management
Which behavior pattern focuses on never being satisfied with the status quo, with the viewpoint that even if things are satisfactory today, they will not be tomorrow
Continually raise the bar
The purpose of the ______ _____ ______ practice is to set clear business-based targets for service levels and to ensure that the delivery of services is properly assessed, monitored, and managed against these targets.
Service Level Management
_____ ______ ________ promotes a good understanding of the psychographics of the service consumer and the emotional effect of service interactions on the consumer
Service Level Management
Which practice includes the identification, analysis, and management of information security risks to mitigate information security risks. This mitigation helps to prevent, detect, or correct information security issues.
Information security management
Which type of tools can automate much of the day-to-day management of infrastructure and platform resources
AIOps
Which TWO of the service value chain activities are MOST closely related to the high velocity IT objective of fast development?
Obtain and Build and design and transition
Which practice includes verifying structural decisions and comparing solutions that would enable a way of managing and provisioning IT infrastructures and platforms more rapidly?
Architecture Management
Which practice ensures that a definition of done checklist considers capacity requirements, demand forecasting, and performance for managing business and customer expectations?
Capacity and Performance Management
Which practice is relevant to the technique of site reliability engineering by using error budgets to balance service reliability and innovation?
Availability Management
Which practice is responsible for ensuring that services are fit for purpose and fit for use throughout their lifecycle?
Service Design
