Obj 1- Section A Flashcards
Objective 1
Living organisms have seven characteristics in common:
GRIMNER
Nutrition (feeding):
the process by which living organisms obtain or make food
heterotrophs
Animals take in ready-made food and are called heterotrophs.
autotrophs
Plants make their own food and are called autotrophs.
Respiration:
the process by which energy is released from food by all living organisms
Aerobic respiration
requires oxygen and takes place in most cells
Anaerobic respiration
takes place without oxygen in certain cells
Excretion
the process by which waste and harmful substances, produced by the body’s metabolism, are removed from the body
Movement:
a change in the position of a whole organism or of parts of an organism
Irritability (sensitivity):
the ability of organisms to detect and respond to changes in their
environment or within themselves.
Growth:
a permanent increase in the size and complexity of an organism
Reproduction:
the process by which living organisms generate new individuals of the same kind as themselves
Asexual reproduction
requires only one parent
Sexual reproduction
requires two parents
Ways in which organisms can be grouped
-visible characteristics (hairiness, colour, shape, venation, number of legs and wings, and body segmentation)
-molecular structure of DNA
taxonomic classification system:
Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, families, genus, species
There are 5 kingdoms
Prokaryote
Protist
Fungi
Plantae (plants)
Animalia (animals)
(pg. 2 bio concise)
Prokaryote and eukaryote difference
Prokaryotes have cells that lack true membrane bound nuclei (DNA is free in the cells). Eukaryotes have true nuclei surrounded by membranes
Virus
-group of organisms without any cell structure
-particles made up of a piece of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat
- they can only reproduce inside of other living things
-Viruses are not included in the five kingdom classification
Monocotyledons
-leaves have straight, parallel veins and are usually long and narrow
-Seeds contain one cotyledon (seed leaf)
-Flower parts are in multiples of three
- sugarcane
Dicotyledons
- Leaves have a network of veins and are usually broad
- Seeds contain two cotyledons
- Flower parts are in multiples of four or five
e.g. pride of Barbados
Arthropods (phylum)
- Have a waterproof exoskeleton (external skeleton) made mainly of chitin
- Have a segmented body
- Have several pairs of jointed
Chordates (phylum)
- Have a notochord (rod) running down the body, most have a backbone
- Have a dorsal nerve cord with the anterior end usually enlarged forming the brain
- Most have an internal skeleton of bone and cartilage
Crustaceans (class)
- Have two pairs of antennae
- Usually have five or seven pairs of legs
- Body is divided into head, thorax and abdomen or cephalothorax and abdomen
e.g. lobster, shrimp, crab, woodlouse
Arachnids (class)
- Have no antennae
- Have four pairs of legs
- Body is divided into cephalothorax and abdomen
e.g. spider, tick, scorpion
Insects (class)
- Have one pair of antennae
- Have three pairs of legs
- Body is divided into head, thorax and abdomen
- Have a pair of compound eyes
- Most have two pairs of wings e.g. cockroach, moth, ant, house fly
Myriapods (class)
- Have one pair of antennae
- Have many pairs of legs
- Body is elongated and divided into many segments e.g. centipede, millipede
Pisces (fish) - class
- Have a waterproof skin covered with scales * Have gills for breathing
- Have fins for swimming
e.g. barracuda, flying fish, shark
Amphibians- class
- Have a soft, moist, non-waterproof skin without scales
- Eggs are laid in water, larvae live in water, adults
live on land - Larvae have gills, adults have lungs e.g. frog, toad, newt
Reptiles- class
- Have a dry, waterproof skin with scales
- Lay eggs with a rubbery shell on land e.g. snake, lizard, iguana, turtle
Aves (birds)- class
- Have a waterproof skin with feathers * Have a beak and no teeth
- Forelimbs are modified to form wings
- Lay eggs with a hard shell
- Are homeothermic (warm blooded) e.g. sparrow, cattle egret, hawk
Mammals-class
- Have a waterproof skin with hair and sweat glands
- Have different types of teeth
- Young feed on milk from their mother * Are homeothermic e.g. mouse, whale, human
