OBHR MIDTERM Flashcards
What is an organizational behaviour?
A general term referring to the attitudes and behaviours of individuals in groups in organizations.
The contingency approach (contemporary)
- No simple principle can be applied to all situations
- There is no one best way, but one way is not as equally effective as another. The best way depends on the situation.
What three attitudes does organizational behaviour study?
•Prediction
• Explanation
• Managing
Motivation
The extent to which persistent effort is directed toward a goal. Motivation can be intrinsic or extrinsic.
Operant learning theory/ Reinforcement theory
Where an individual learns to operate on the environment to achieve certain consequences.
Social learning theory
Learning by watching the behaviour of others, seeing the consequences to them, and then thinking about and engaging in the behaviours ourselves.
Positive reinforcement
Increases the probability of the behaviour by following the behaviour with a pleasant or desirable consequence.
Negative reinforcement
Increases the probability of behaviour by removing an aversive stimulus contingent on the performance of the behaviour.
Extinction
Removing the reinforcement
Interval
A time period must elapse before another reinforcement is given.
- fixed and variable
Ratio
A number of responses must occur before another reinforcement is given.
Goal specificity
Clear and specific; understood without guessing
Goal challenge/ difficulty
Not too easy, nor impossible to achieve
Goal acceptance and goal commitment
The internalization of the goal and the determination to reach the goal. (Participation, publicness reward, and support)
Feedback
Necessary for goal setting to work
