OBGYN Quiz 3 - Brain/heart Flashcards
What are three characteristic features/associations of hyportelorism?
-closely spaced eyes
-associated w Trisomy 13
-associated with holoprosencephaly
(Note associated with a small chin)
An image of the fetal profile best demonstrates the….
Chin
What happens as a result from failure of the optic vesicle to form?
Anophthalmia
A destructive process causing total or near total absence of the cerebrum thought to be caused by occlusion of carotid arteries describes which abnormality?
Hydranencephaly
T/F
Holoprosencephaly has a strong association with trisomy 13
True
What is the most common fetal anomaly?
Cardiac
What is the most common site for an encephalocele or cephalocele?
Occipital
Which is the most common fetal neck mass?
Cystic hygroma
What are three things which occur when it comes to transposition of the great arteries?
-There will be a patent foramen ovale
-The aorta arises from the right ventricle
-There will be a patent ductus arteriosus
(NOT: “the four chamber view will be abnormal”)
Three important factors involving diaphragmatic hernia:
-It can result in pulmonary hypoplasia
-It is caused by a defect in the diaphragm
-It involves herniation of abdominal contents into the chest.
(NOT: “it is typically seen on the right posterior lateral portion of the diaphragm”)
During a routine anatomy scan you find the echogenic wedge shaped mass at the base of the fetus’s lung. What does this most likely represent?
Pulmonary sequestration
Where in the cranium is the choroid plexus located?
Lateral ventricle
What is an expected sonographic feature of the fetal diaphragm ?
Hypoechoic linear structure on sagittal images
T/F
Cystic adenoma told malformation types I and II enlarge in the third trimester and have poor fetal outcomes
False
What are three things that are associated in regards to agenesis of the corpus collosum?
-associated with holoprosencephaly
-ventricles may demonstrate a teardrop shape
-absence of the cavum septum pellucidi
(NOT: the cerebellum becomes displaced)
???
Classifications of holoprosencephaly
- No Cavum septum
- Normal brain
- Single ventricle,
- Large single vent
T/F
An increase, more than 2.5 times the normal, in maternal alpha-fetoprotein is indicative of neural tube defects such as anencephaly.
True
Ventricular enlargement is excessive cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles and should not exceed ___________ in the atria of the lateral ventricles.
10 mm
With brachiocephaly, the cephalic index is…
Greater than 85%
Which fetal anomaly is said to have a “frog-like” appearance and is often associated with polyhydramnios sonographically?
Anencephaly
T/F
There are three types of atrial septal defects:
Secundum, Sinus Venous, and Perimembranous.
False
Secundum, sinus venous, and primum.
***Written
List two factors that are associated with abnormal lung growth. They cannot be some the same category
Pleural effusion and Renal agenesis
***Written
Truncus arteriosus can mimic tetralogy of Fallot but there were two differences discussed to help differentiate the two. What are they?
- Ventricular hypertrophy
- ?
What is a vein of Galen aneurysm ?
Vein of Galen aneurysm is due to an
Abnormal connection that formed between the artery and vein during the early stages of pregnancy
