OBGYN

Question 1

What is the definition/diagnosis of PCOS?

Answer 1

> 12 follicles on at least one ovary

Question 2

what is the athletic triad?

Answer 2

amenorrhea + eating disorder (low BMI) + osteoporosis

Question 3

what is oligomenorrhea?

Answer 3

fewer than 9 periods per year

Question 4

what medication is given to induce ovulation?

Answer 4

Clomiphene

Question 5

what two medications can be given to help evacuate a miscarriage/fetal demise?

Answer 5

misoprostol

methotrexate

Question 6

which quadrant of the breast are tumors most likely to be found?

Answer 6

upper outer

Question 7

hcg levels of ______ should show signs of a fetus on US

Answer 7

> 1500

Question 8

mother is Rh (-). Do you give rhogam?

Answer 8

yes!

Question 9

what pharmacologic agent is used to induce ovulation in an anovulatory woman?

Answer 9

Clomiphene

Letrozole

Question 10

MOA of Letrozole for inducing ovulation?

Answer 10

blocks conversion of testosterone to estrogen, in which the lack of estrogen causes a RISE in FSH = ovulation

Question 11

MOA of Clomiphene for inducing ovulation?

Answer 11

Blocks estrogen action, causing increase in FSH = ovulation

Question 12

what are some factors to consider regarding possible contraindications to contraception?

Answer 12

cardiac disease (HTN, DVT), migraine with aura, smoker

Question 13

what are the benign strains of HPV?

Answer 13

6, 11

Question 14

which strains of HPV are associated with genital warts?

Answer 14

6 and 11

Question 15

how many doses of Gardasil does one need?

Answer 15

3 doses in 6 months if >15 years old

2 doses in 6 month period if <15 years old

Question 16

what age is Gardasil approved for?

Answer 16

9-45 years

Question 17

what are the screening guidelines for pap smears?

Answer 17

every 3 years in women age 21-65

age 30-65 may do combination testing every 5 years

Question 18

what is mittelschmirtz?

Answer 18

pain with ovulation

Question 19

which medication is used to induce ovulation?

Answer 19

clomiphene

Question 20

which diabetic drug is used to treat PCOS?

Answer 20

metformin

Question 21

what is the importance of progesterone in pregnancy (on the uterus and breasts)

Answer 21

progesterone helps maintain the endometrium during pregnancy as well as helps prepare the breasts to produce milk

Question 22

what tumor marker is used to follow ovarian cancer?

Answer 22

CA-125

Question 23

pregnant female is GBS positive - what do you treat her with during labor?

Answer 23

penicillin

Question 24

a woman thinks she is in labor. You do a FFN and it is negative. What does this mean regarding labor?

Answer 24

chances of going into labor in next 2 weeks is <1%.

Positive test doesn’t tell us much

Question 25

what is ferning?

Answer 25

positive fern test is amniotic fluid leaking

Question 26

what options do you have for tocolysis?

Answer 26

tocolysis is STOPPING contractions in preterm labor.

Nifedipine, Terbutaline, Mg sulf

Question 27

what is the expected rise of hcg in normal pregnancy

Answer 27

increase of 53% in 48 hours

Question 28

US shows no gestational sac, but quantitative hcg >3,000. What is going on?

Answer 28

ectopic pregnancy

Question 29

preterm labor is defined as what 3 things?

Answer 29

regular uterine contractions
cervical effacement >80%
Dilation >2 cm

Question 30

in what time window do we give antenatal steroids?

Answer 30

24-36 weeks only - helps with fetal development and maturation

Question 31

how does mg help the baby?

Answer 31

neuroprotection

Question 32

what is turtle sign?

Answer 32

head crowns and then pops back in; sign of SHOULDER DISTOCIA

Question 33

blood volume goes (up or down) at 3rd trimester

Answer 33

up

Question 34

blood volume goes (up or down) at 2nd trimester

Answer 34

down

Question 35

what hormone is produced by the hypothalamus and activates labor?

Answer 35

oxytocin

Question 36

what are the 2 types of cystic, benign ovarian masses?

Answer 36

follicular and luteal