OBGYN Flashcards
What is the definition/diagnosis of PCOS?
> 12 follicles on at least one ovary
what is the athletic triad?
amenorrhea + eating disorder (low BMI) + osteoporosis
what is oligomenorrhea?
fewer than 9 periods per year
what medication is given to induce ovulation?
Clomiphene
what two medications can be given to help evacuate a miscarriage/fetal demise?
misoprostol
methotrexate
which quadrant of the breast are tumors most likely to be found?
upper outer
hcg levels of ______ should show signs of a fetus on US
> 1500
mother is Rh (-). Do you give rhogam?
yes!
what pharmacologic agent is used to induce ovulation in an anovulatory woman?
Clomiphene
Letrozole
MOA of Letrozole for inducing ovulation?
blocks conversion of testosterone to estrogen, in which the lack of estrogen causes a RISE in FSH = ovulation
MOA of Clomiphene for inducing ovulation?
Blocks estrogen action, causing increase in FSH = ovulation
what are some factors to consider regarding possible contraindications to contraception?
cardiac disease (HTN, DVT), migraine with aura, smoker
what are the benign strains of HPV?
6, 11
which strains of HPV are associated with genital warts?
6 and 11
how many doses of Gardasil does one need?
3 doses in 6 months if >15 years old
2 doses in 6 month period if <15 years old
what age is Gardasil approved for?
9-45 years
what are the screening guidelines for pap smears?
every 3 years in women age 21-65
age 30-65 may do combination testing every 5 years
what is mittelschmirtz?
pain with ovulation
which medication is used to induce ovulation?
clomiphene
which diabetic drug is used to treat PCOS?
metformin
what is the importance of progesterone in pregnancy (on the uterus and breasts)
progesterone helps maintain the endometrium during pregnancy as well as helps prepare the breasts to produce milk
what tumor marker is used to follow ovarian cancer?
CA-125
pregnant female is GBS positive - what do you treat her with during labor?
penicillin
a woman thinks she is in labor. You do a FFN and it is negative. What does this mean regarding labor?
chances of going into labor in next 2 weeks is <1%.
Positive test doesn’t tell us much
what is ferning?
positive fern test is amniotic fluid leaking
what options do you have for tocolysis?
tocolysis is STOPPING contractions in preterm labor.
Nifedipine, Terbutaline, Mg sulf
what is the expected rise of hcg in normal pregnancy
increase of 53% in 48 hours
US shows no gestational sac, but quantitative hcg >3,000. What is going on?
ectopic pregnancy
preterm labor is defined as what 3 things?
regular uterine contractions
cervical effacement >80%
Dilation >2 cm
in what time window do we give antenatal steroids?
24-36 weeks only - helps with fetal development and maturation
how does mg help the baby?
neuroprotection
what is turtle sign?
head crowns and then pops back in; sign of SHOULDER DISTOCIA
blood volume goes (up or down) at 3rd trimester
up
blood volume goes (up or down) at 2nd trimester
down
what hormone is produced by the hypothalamus and activates labor?
oxytocin
what are the 2 types of cystic, benign ovarian masses?
follicular and luteal
