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OBGYN I Sonography > OBGYN 1 FINAL - Fall 2024 > Flashcards

OBGYN 1 FINAL - Fall 2024 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is another name for the posterior curl-de-sac?
A

the pouch of Douglas

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2
Q
  1. What is the junction of the inferior of the body of the uterus and the cervical canal?
A

Internal os

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3
Q
  1. What portion of the uterus is most superior and anterior in the normally positioned uterus?
A

Fundus

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4
Q
  1. The symphysis pubis is/are:
A

The thick cartilaginous disc lying between the pubic bones anteriorly

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5
Q
  1. Which support structure extends from the uterine cornu, passes over the pelvic brim, through the inguinal canal, and is secured at the labia majora?
A

Round ligament

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6
Q
  1. A levoverted uterus is associated with:
A

Ovarian anomalies

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7
Q
  1. Which anatomical structure borders the ovary laterally?
A

Round ligaments

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8
Q
  1. What are three descriptors of the anterior cul-de-sac?
A

-posterior to the urinary bladder
-anterior to the uterus
-a fold of peritoneum

Note: NOT larger than the posterior cul-de-sac

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9
Q
  1. A sonolucent area visualized on sagittal and transverse scans posterior to the uterus and vagina is most likely due to:
A

Fluid in the posterior cul-de-sac

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10
Q
  1. What are three functions of amniotic fluid:
A

-stabilization of fetal temperature
-protect the fetus from external pressure equalization of pressure around embryo/fetus
-providing adequate room for fetus to develop, protect, and cushion embryo/fetus

Note: NOT -nutrition for embryo/fetus

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11
Q
  1. In which phase is the ruptured Graafian follicle healing?
A

Luteal phase

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12
Q
  1. What is the first organ system to become functional in the embryo?
A

Cardiovascular system

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13
Q
  1. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is:
A

Produced by the trophoblasts and helps prolong the life of the corpus luteum

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14
Q
  1. What is the most common type of twinning?
A

Dizygotic: dichorionic, diamniotic

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15
Q
  1. The first structure that can be visualized sonographically in the gestational sac is the:
A

Secondary yolk sac

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16
Q
  1. What are three true factors regarding the fetal liver?
A

-the left lobe is as large or larger than the right lobe
-it is as important site of hematopoiesis in the fetus
-it is the largest intra-abdominal organ in the fetus

Note: NOT -it is inhomogeneous until late in the third trimester

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17
Q
  1. A cephalic index of 60% is:
A

Suggestive of dolichocephaly

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18
Q
  1. Whartons jelly is the:
A

Mucous connective tissue in the umbilical cord

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19
Q
  1. Biparietal diameter is most accurate at dating a gestation during:
A

Weeks 14-20

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20
Q
  1. In the evaluation of a patient with a congenital ovarian abnormality, the sonographer should examine the:
A

Kidneys

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21
Q
  1. The fetal axis lies at right angles to the maternal long axis in which presentation?
A

Transverse

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22
Q
  1. True/False:
    When dichorionic placentas fuse together the twins will then have a shared circulation system.
A

False

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23
Q
  1. Fetal kidneys are best visualized when the spine is towards:
A

Anterior

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24
Q
  1. True/False
    Monochorionic/Monoamniotic twins will share a placenta, amniotic cavity, and a yolk sac.
A

True

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25
Q
  1. In the first trimester, a _______ day or more difference in the crown rump length is considered abnormal in the setting of a multifetal pregnancy
A

5

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26
Q
  1. WRITTEN
    In obstetrical scanning what does AFV stand for?
A

Amniotic fluid volume

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27
Q
  1. What day of the menstrual cycle would you expect the endometrium to be the thickest (assuming a regular cycle length)?
A

26

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28
Q
  1. Which female reproductive structure has a dual blood supply?
A

Ovaries

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29
Q
  1. Which arteries penetrate the myometrium and terminate at the endometrium?
A

Radial

30
Q
  1. True/False
    When measuring the endometrium you do NOT include the hypoechoic junctional zone
A

True

31
Q
  1. If your equipment did not calculate the ovarian volume for you, what equation would you use to determine the volume?
A

(LxWxH) x 0.523

32
Q
  1. Fertilization usually occurs in the:
A

Ampullary portion of the salpinges

33
Q
  1. What hormone causes ovulation ?
A

Luteinizing hormone

34
Q
  1. True/False:
    A false positive pregnancy test means that you are actually pregnant but the test read negative
A

False

35
Q
  1. What will lead to an subnormal rise in hCG?
A

Ectopic pregnancy

36
Q
  1. At what week gestation should the amnion and Chorion be fused?
A

14-16 weeks

37
Q
  1. The posterior ossification centers of the spine are widest at which area?
A

Cervical spine

38
Q
  1. WRITTEN
    How many live births has a patient had if she is G4P2?
A

2

39
Q
  1. True/false:
    Angiogenesis is a function of the yolk sac
A

True

40
Q
  1. What are three fetal anatomical landmarks for obtaining an abdominal circumference?
A

-spine
-portal vein
-stomach

(Note: NOT kidneys)

41
Q
  1. Which muscle group is also called the pelvic diaphragm?
A

Levator ani muscles

42
Q
  1. What tissue gives rise to the female reproductive organs except the ovaries?
A

Müllerian duct system

43
Q
  1. If the fallopian tubes are ligated (“tied”), what would no longer be possible
A

Fertilization

44
Q
  1. What type of assisted reproductive technology injects an egg and sperm into the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube?
A

GIFT

45
Q
  1. In what structure does the choroid plexus appear?
A

Lateral ventricle

46
Q
  1. If twin fetuses are noted to be of different genders, they are expected to be which type of twin?
A

Dizygotic, dichorionic, diamniotic

47
Q
  1. Monochorionic-diamniotic twins :
A

Type of twinning due to division between days 3 and 7

48
Q
  1. What is/are risk factor(s) of post partum hemorrhage?
A

Hypotension, hysterectomy, renal failure, death

49
Q
  1. True/False
    Dizygotic twins end up conjoined if split happens after 13 days.
A

False

50
Q
  1. In the fetus, the Dusty’s Arterioles permits blood to flow from the:
A

Pulmonary artery to the aorta

51
Q
  1. A crescent shape appearance to the cerebellum should signal the sonographer to give additional attention to what fetal structure(s)?
A

Spine

52
Q
  1. True/False
    Dizygotic twins are two times more likely to have a congenital anomaly than a singleton pregnancy
A

False

53
Q
  1. What is the most important factor to determine when scanning twins in the first trimester?
A

Number of chorions

54
Q
  1. The fetal bladder should change (fill or empty) every _________
A

30 minutes

55
Q
  1. How should the apex of the fetal heart be oriented in the fetal thorax?
A

Towards the left at a 45 degree angle

56
Q
  1. The exact type of monozygotic twinning and the relationship of membranes and placenta that will arise depends on the:
A

Stage of gestational development of the zygote at the time of division.

57
Q

69.True/False:
With a normal four chambers heart image, the sonographer can say that the heart is free of abnormalities.

A

False

58
Q
  1. Which of the following is not a cause of postpartum hemorrhage?
A

Maternal diabetes

59
Q
  1. True/False:
    When a cordecntesis is performed, a needle is inserted into the umbilical cord approximately 1 cm from the insertion site of the placenta.
A

True

60
Q
  1. What are three indications for chorionic villus sampling?
A

-Advanced maternal age
-Mendelian disorders
-Prev offspring with a trisomy

Note: NOT Y-linked recessive disorders

61
Q
  1. True/False:
    The fetal stomach should be seen on the left side of the fetus
A

True

62
Q
  1. What abnormality gives the bladder a distinctive keyhole appearance?
A

Posterior urethrAL valves

63
Q
  1. Discordant growth in dichorionic pregnancies is more likely related to:
A

IUGR in one of the twins

64
Q
  1. True/False
    The placenta is considered large if the thickness is greater than 4cm before 30 weeks
A

False

65
Q
  1. True/False
    In the late second and into the third trimester, the bowel will be isoechoic to the bone.
A

False

66
Q

B. True/False
Embryologic age is based off of time of conception

A

True

67
Q

B. Your patient tells you that her LMP is 12/13/24. Use Naegeles rule to determine what the EDD will be

A

9/20/24

68
Q

B. WRITTEN
List 4 parameters that need to be met in the image before you can measure a nuchal translucency

A

-Spine down
-Neutral neck position
-skin covering
-widest pocket of fluid

69
Q

B. This ligament is attached at the uterine isthmus and helps anchor the cervix

A

Cardinal ligaments

70
Q

B. What imaging modality helps providers visualize patency of the fallopian tubes?

A

Hysterosalpingography

71
Q

B. During days 6-14 of the cycle this hormone is causing the endometrium to build and repair:

A

Estrogen

OBGYN I Sonography (4 decks)

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