OBGYN 1 FINAL - Fall 2024 Flashcards
- What is another name for the posterior curl-de-sac?
the pouch of Douglas
- What is the junction of the inferior of the body of the uterus and the cervical canal?
Internal os
- What portion of the uterus is most superior and anterior in the normally positioned uterus?
Fundus
- The symphysis pubis is/are:
The thick cartilaginous disc lying between the pubic bones anteriorly
- Which support structure extends from the uterine cornu, passes over the pelvic brim, through the inguinal canal, and is secured at the labia majora?
Round ligament
- A levoverted uterus is associated with:
Ovarian anomalies
- Which anatomical structure borders the ovary laterally?
Round ligaments
- What are three descriptors of the anterior cul-de-sac?
-posterior to the urinary bladder
-anterior to the uterus
-a fold of peritoneum
Note: NOT larger than the posterior cul-de-sac
- A sonolucent area visualized on sagittal and transverse scans posterior to the uterus and vagina is most likely due to:
Fluid in the posterior cul-de-sac
- What are three functions of amniotic fluid:
-stabilization of fetal temperature
-protect the fetus from external pressure equalization of pressure around embryo/fetus
-providing adequate room for fetus to develop, protect, and cushion embryo/fetus
Note: NOT -nutrition for embryo/fetus
- In which phase is the ruptured Graafian follicle healing?
Luteal phase
- What is the first organ system to become functional in the embryo?
Cardiovascular system
- Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is:
Produced by the trophoblasts and helps prolong the life of the corpus luteum
- What is the most common type of twinning?
Dizygotic: dichorionic, diamniotic
- The first structure that can be visualized sonographically in the gestational sac is the:
Secondary yolk sac
- What are three true factors regarding the fetal liver?
-the left lobe is as large or larger than the right lobe
-it is as important site of hematopoiesis in the fetus
-it is the largest intra-abdominal organ in the fetus
Note: NOT -it is inhomogeneous until late in the third trimester
- A cephalic index of 60% is:
Suggestive of dolichocephaly
- Whartons jelly is the:
Mucous connective tissue in the umbilical cord
- Biparietal diameter is most accurate at dating a gestation during:
Weeks 14-20
- In the evaluation of a patient with a congenital ovarian abnormality, the sonographer should examine the:
Kidneys
- The fetal axis lies at right angles to the maternal long axis in which presentation?
Transverse
- True/False:
When dichorionic placentas fuse together the twins will then have a shared circulation system.
False
- Fetal kidneys are best visualized when the spine is towards:
Anterior
- True/False
Monochorionic/Monoamniotic twins will share a placenta, amniotic cavity, and a yolk sac.
True
- In the first trimester, a _______ day or more difference in the crown rump length is considered abnormal in the setting of a multifetal pregnancy
5
-
WRITTEN
In obstetrical scanning what does AFV stand for?
Amniotic fluid volume
- What day of the menstrual cycle would you expect the endometrium to be the thickest (assuming a regular cycle length)?
26
- Which female reproductive structure has a dual blood supply?
Ovaries
- Which arteries penetrate the myometrium and terminate at the endometrium?
Radial
- True/False
When measuring the endometrium you do NOT include the hypoechoic junctional zone
True
- If your equipment did not calculate the ovarian volume for you, what equation would you use to determine the volume?
(LxWxH) x 0.523
- Fertilization usually occurs in the:
Ampullary portion of the salpinges
- What hormone causes ovulation ?
Luteinizing hormone
- True/False:
A false positive pregnancy test means that you are actually pregnant but the test read negative
False
- What will lead to an subnormal rise in hCG?
Ectopic pregnancy
- At what week gestation should the amnion and Chorion be fused?
14-16 weeks
- The posterior ossification centers of the spine are widest at which area?
Cervical spine
-
WRITTEN
How many live births has a patient had if she is G4P2?
2
- True/false:
Angiogenesis is a function of the yolk sac
True
- What are three fetal anatomical landmarks for obtaining an abdominal circumference?
-spine
-portal vein
-stomach
(Note: NOT kidneys)
- Which muscle group is also called the pelvic diaphragm?
Levator ani muscles
- What tissue gives rise to the female reproductive organs except the ovaries?
Müllerian duct system
- If the fallopian tubes are ligated (“tied”), what would no longer be possible
Fertilization
- What type of assisted reproductive technology injects an egg and sperm into the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube?
GIFT
- In what structure does the choroid plexus appear?
Lateral ventricle
- If twin fetuses are noted to be of different genders, they are expected to be which type of twin?
Dizygotic, dichorionic, diamniotic
- Monochorionic-diamniotic twins :
Type of twinning due to division between days 3 and 7
- What is/are risk factor(s) of post partum hemorrhage?
Hypotension, hysterectomy, renal failure, death
- True/False
Dizygotic twins end up conjoined if split happens after 13 days.
False
- In the fetus, the Dusty’s Arterioles permits blood to flow from the:
Pulmonary artery to the aorta
- A crescent shape appearance to the cerebellum should signal the sonographer to give additional attention to what fetal structure(s)?
Spine
- True/False
Dizygotic twins are two times more likely to have a congenital anomaly than a singleton pregnancy
False
- What is the most important factor to determine when scanning twins in the first trimester?
Number of chorions
- The fetal bladder should change (fill or empty) every _________
30 minutes
- How should the apex of the fetal heart be oriented in the fetal thorax?
Towards the left at a 45 degree angle
- The exact type of monozygotic twinning and the relationship of membranes and placenta that will arise depends on the:
Stage of gestational development of the zygote at the time of division.
69.True/False:
With a normal four chambers heart image, the sonographer can say that the heart is free of abnormalities.
False
- Which of the following is not a cause of postpartum hemorrhage?
Maternal diabetes
- True/False:
When a cordecntesis is performed, a needle is inserted into the umbilical cord approximately 1 cm from the insertion site of the placenta.
True
- What are three indications for chorionic villus sampling?
-Advanced maternal age
-Mendelian disorders
-Prev offspring with a trisomy
Note: NOT Y-linked recessive disorders
- True/False:
The fetal stomach should be seen on the left side of the fetus
True
- What abnormality gives the bladder a distinctive keyhole appearance?
Posterior urethrAL valves
- Discordant growth in dichorionic pregnancies is more likely related to:
IUGR in one of the twins
- True/False
The placenta is considered large if the thickness is greater than 4cm before 30 weeks
False
- True/False
In the late second and into the third trimester, the bowel will be isoechoic to the bone.
False
B. True/False
Embryologic age is based off of time of conception
True
B. Your patient tells you that her LMP is 12/13/24. Use Naegeles rule to determine what the EDD will be
9/20/24
B. WRITTEN
List 4 parameters that need to be met in the image before you can measure a nuchal translucency
-Spine down
-Neutral neck position
-skin covering
-widest pocket of fluid
B. This ligament is attached at the uterine isthmus and helps anchor the cervix
Cardinal ligaments
B. What imaging modality helps providers visualize patency of the fallopian tubes?
Hysterosalpingography
B. During days 6-14 of the cycle this hormone is causing the endometrium to build and repair:
Estrogen
