OBG-pediatric pelvic/postmetopause

Question 1

what is a newborn size uterus?

Answer 1

3cm (1/2 body and 1/2 cervix)

Question 2

may see cysts in ovaries “______,” usually less than 9mm

Answer 2

primordial follicles

Question 3

follicular development occurs prior to ______

Answer 3

menarche

Question 4

during puberty uterus increases to ______, ratio of cervix 1/3 to uterus 2/3

Answer 4

5-7cm

Question 5

what can cause uterus pain in pediatric?

Answer 5

follicles or newborn with ambiguous genitalia

Question 6

______ is the onset of secondary sexual characteristics prior to age 8

Answer 6

precocious puberty

Question 7

______ precocious puberty is early, can be caused by hypothalamic disorder, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, or idiopathic (80%)

Answer 7

true

Question 8

precocious ______ puberty is most often caused by an ovarian tumor, development of secondary sex characteristics without gamete ogenesis (no ovum)

Answer 8

pseudo

Question 9

define hemato, pyo, hydro, metro, colpos

Answer 9

blood, pus, watery serous fluid, uterus, vagina

Question 10

what is hydrometro colpos?

Answer 10

fluid filling vagina and uterus

Question 11

what is the symptoms and causes of hydrocolpos?

Answer 11

pain and primary ammenorrhea, causes is imperforate hymen

Question 12

______ accounts for 15% of abdominal mass in the newborn

Answer 12

hydrocolpos

Question 13

what are the sonographic findings of hydrocolpos?

Answer 13

complex fluid (blood) filling uterus and vagina

Question 14

in post menopause ovaries gradually become unresponsive to FSH and LH and stop producing ______ and ______, ovarian size decreases

Answer 14

estrogen and progesterone

Question 15

menses become irregular and generally stop between ______ years, uterus and endometrium also decrease

Answer 15

45-55

Question 16

what are the normal sonographic finding for post menopause?

Answer 16

uterus proportions are maintained 1/3 cervix 2/3 uterus body, may have a small amount of fluid in uterine cavity (do to cervical stenosis), endometrium strip is equal to or less than 6mm

Question 17

______ helps symptoms of menopause and helps prevent severe osteoporosis

Answer 17

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Question 18

unopposed estrogen is associated with risk of endometrial ______ and ______, also so is obesity

Answer 18

hyperplasia and carcinoma

Question 19

what are the 2 ways to take HRT?

Answer 19

cycling/sequential doses of estrogen and progesterone, endometrium gets slightly thicker during estrogen phase and thins during progesterone phase. 2nd is continuous doses of estrogen and progesterone, no cycling of endometrium

Question 20

_____ bleeding happens after 1 year of no menses

Answer 20

post menopausal

Question 21

what are the causes of post menopausal bleeding?

Answer 21

hormonal reasons are HRT or estrogen producing ovarian tumor
structural reasons are endometrial atrophy with HRT (most common), endometrial carcinoma, or cervical carcinoma

Question 22

blocks estrogen receptors in the breast, non-steroidal anti-estrogen drug used to treat estrogen receptor positive breast cancer

Answer 22

tamoxifen

Question 23

tamoxifen has a stimulatory effect on the uterus, subend cysts, endometrium thickness less than ______, and endometrium polyps

Answer 23

6mm, its goes from normal endometrium to endometrium hyperplasia (less than 6mm) to atypical hyperplasia to endometrium carcinoma (greater than 10-15mm)