OBG-pediatric pelvic/postmetopause Flashcards
what is a newborn size uterus?
3cm (1/2 body and 1/2 cervix)
may see cysts in ovaries “______,” usually less than 9mm
primordial follicles
follicular development occurs prior to ______
menarche
during puberty uterus increases to ______, ratio of cervix 1/3 to uterus 2/3
5-7cm
what can cause uterus pain in pediatric?
follicles or newborn with ambiguous genitalia
______ is the onset of secondary sexual characteristics prior to age 8
precocious puberty
______ precocious puberty is early, can be caused by hypothalamic disorder, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, or idiopathic (80%)
true
precocious ______ puberty is most often caused by an ovarian tumor, development of secondary sex characteristics without gamete ogenesis (no ovum)
pseudo
define hemato, pyo, hydro, metro, colpos
blood, pus, watery serous fluid, uterus, vagina
what is hydrometro colpos?
fluid filling vagina and uterus
what is the symptoms and causes of hydrocolpos?
pain and primary ammenorrhea, causes is imperforate hymen
______ accounts for 15% of abdominal mass in the newborn
hydrocolpos
what are the sonographic findings of hydrocolpos?
complex fluid (blood) filling uterus and vagina
in post menopause ovaries gradually become unresponsive to FSH and LH and stop producing ______ and ______, ovarian size decreases
estrogen and progesterone
menses become irregular and generally stop between ______ years, uterus and endometrium also decrease
45-55
what are the normal sonographic finding for post menopause?
uterus proportions are maintained 1/3 cervix 2/3 uterus body, may have a small amount of fluid in uterine cavity (do to cervical stenosis), endometrium strip is equal to or less than 6mm
______ helps symptoms of menopause and helps prevent severe osteoporosis
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
unopposed estrogen is associated with risk of endometrial ______ and ______, also so is obesity
hyperplasia and carcinoma
what are the 2 ways to take HRT?
cycling/sequential doses of estrogen and progesterone, endometrium gets slightly thicker during estrogen phase and thins during progesterone phase. 2nd is continuous doses of estrogen and progesterone, no cycling of endometrium
_____ bleeding happens after 1 year of no menses
post menopausal
what are the causes of post menopausal bleeding?
hormonal reasons are HRT or estrogen producing ovarian tumor
structural reasons are endometrial atrophy with HRT (most common), endometrial carcinoma, or cervical carcinoma
blocks estrogen receptors in the breast, non-steroidal anti-estrogen drug used to treat estrogen receptor positive breast cancer
tamoxifen
tamoxifen has a stimulatory effect on the uterus, subend cysts, endometrium thickness less than ______, and endometrium polyps
6mm, its goes from normal endometrium to endometrium hyperplasia (less than 6mm) to atypical hyperplasia to endometrium carcinoma (greater than 10-15mm)
