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GYN > OBG-anatomy > Flashcards

OBG-anatomy Flashcards

0
Q

What does the posterior wall of the pelvis contain?

A

Sacrum and coccyx

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1
Q

Upper part of the pelvis is the ______ pelvis, the lower is the ______ pelvis.

A

False (superior), true (inferior)

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2
Q

What does the anterior wall of the pelvis contain?

A

2 pubic bones

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3
Q

What does the inferior wall of the pelvis contain?

A

2 iliac wings and ischium

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4
Q

What divides the pelvis into the true and false pelvis?

A

Linea terminalis or iliopectineal line

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5
Q

What is at the anterior wall of the false pelvis?

A

Rectus abs

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6
Q

What does the inferior wall of the true pelvis contain?

A

Pelvic diaphragm, levator ani muscle, coccygeal muscle, and perineal muscle

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8
Q

What are the osseous ligaments?

A

Sacroiliac (between the sacrum and ilium), sacrosanct (or sacrotuberous), sacrococcygeal, and pubic symphysis

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9
Q

what are the suspensory ligaments?

A

Cardinal ligament (lateral cervical ligament), broad ligament (extends from lateral pelvic walls), uterosacral ligament (posterior), round ligament (anterior to broad ligament), ovarian ligament, and infundibulopelvic ligament

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10
Q

what is the broad ligament made out of?

A

peritoneum

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11
Q

what does the round ligament attach?

A

the upper uterus to anterior pelvic wall

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12
Q

what does the ovarian ligament attach?

A

upper/anterior uterus to ovary

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13
Q

what does the infundibuloplevic ligament attach?

A

lateral aspect of the ovary to the pelvic wall transmits the ovarian artery and vein to ovary

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14
Q

This muscle is from anterior wall to pelvis, extends from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis, responsible for the refraction/ “ghosting” artifact occasionally seen while imaging the middle pelvis in a transverse plane

A

rectus abdominum muscle

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15
Q

this muscle originates from the lower throracic and lumbar vertebra (posterior wall), joins the iliacus muscle in the pelvis forming the iliopsoas muscle

A

psoas muscle

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16
Q

inserts on the lesser pouch anterior to the femur

A

iliopsoas muscle

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17
Q

sits in the anterior iliac fossa (lateral wall), arises at the liiac creast and extends inferiorly to join the psoas muscle forming the iliopsoas, part of the false pelvis

A

iliacus

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18
Q

triangular muscle anchoring pelvic brim, lateral side wall of the true pelvis

A

obturator internus muscle

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19
Q

deep and posterior in true pelvis “turn out muscle”

A

piriformis muscle

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20
Q

holds pelvic organs inside, made out of levator muscle (anterior and middle floor), coccygeal muscle (posterior floor), perineal muscle (outerside)

A

pelvic diaphragm

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21
Q

what 3 structures pass through the pelvic diaphragm?

A

urethra (anterior), vagina (middle), rectum (posterior)

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22
Q

hollow muscle membranous organ, located posterior to pubic symphysis, anterior to the vagina, superior convexity is the dome, utterers insert on the inferior posterior of this organ

A

urinary bladder

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23
Q

what are the 3 layers of the bladder wall?

A

outer epithelial layer, middle muscular layer, and inner mucosal layer

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24
Q

describe the bladder when it is full and empty

A

empty bladder- can see folds (rugae) on sonogram

full bladder- cannot see the mucosa

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25
Q

______ arises along the inferior and middle part of the bladder

A

urethra

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26
Q

7-10 cm canal of smooth muscle, extends from the external introitus to the cervix

A

vagina

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27
Q

upper portion of vagina surrounds the cervix and forms gutters call ______

A

fornicies, 3 parts: anterior fornix, lateral fornicies, and posterior fornix (usually the deepest and can see fluid within)

28
Q

pear shaped, hallow organ, located anterior to the rectum posterior to the bladder

A

uterus, the fundus is the dome, body is the main portion, and isthmus is the lower uterine segment (most flexible part)

29
Q

“neck” of the uterus, provides an alkaline secretion favorable for sperm penetration for fertilization

A

cervix

30
Q

uterine cavity in endometrium

A

endocervical canal

31
Q

what are the sizes of the cervix and body/fundus?

A

adult: cx lower 1/3 body/fundus upper 2/3
new born: cx lower 1/2 body/fundus upper 1/2
pediatric: cx lower 2/3 body/fundus upper 1/3
post menopausal is same as adult

32
Q

what are the layers of the uterus?

A

perimeterium (outer layer), myometrium (middle layer), endometrium (inner mucus layer)

33
Q

what are the parts of the perimetrium layer?

A

broad ligament (laterally), vesicoutererine pouch (anteriorly), rectouterine pouch/pouch of douglas (posteriorly)

34
Q

what is the most dependent portion of the abdomen?

A

pouch of douglas

35
Q

has 3 layers of smooth muscle that contract during delivery, then inter most layer is the junctional zone (always seen on MRI)

A

myometrium

36
Q

consists of a superficial functional layer and a deeper permanent basal layer, varies in thickness during different phases of the cycle

A

Endometrium

37
Q

how is the thickness of the endometrium measured?

A

with the uterus in the sagital plane taken as a double layer

38
Q

tissue surrounding the uterus, also known as adnexa

A

parametrium

39
Q

______ uterus position has no bend, endometrium is straight forward tilt of uterus with respect to the vagina

A

anteversion

40
Q

______ uterus postion is posterior or neutral with respect to the vagina

A

retroversion

41
Q

______uterus postion is bending forward at the uterus body

A

anteflexion

42
Q

______ uterus postion is bending backward at the uterus body

A

retroflexion

43
Q

soild, paired, oval organ, suspends in the pelvic peritoneum, posterior to broad ligament, location varies esp. during pregnancy

A

ovaries

44
Q

what are the layers of the ovaries?

A

outer functional layer (cortex), and inner medullary contains vessels and connective tissue

45
Q

______ are channels through which vessels and nerves is situated at the anterior of the ovary

A

hilum

46
Q

paired muscle membranous tubes, extends laterally from uterus cornee

A

fallopian tubes

47
Q

what does CIAIF for the fallopian tube stands for?

A 
Cornual/interstitial/intramorial 
Isthmus
Ampulary
Infundibulum 
Fimbriae
48
Q

potential space in the pelvic cavity location of organs and suspensory structures

A

peritoneal recesses

49
Q

prevesical or retropubic space located between pubic symphysis (anterior) and bladder (posterior), masses in this space will displace the bladder posteriorly

A

space of retzius

50
Q

anterior to the cul de sac, anterior to the uterus, posterior to the bladder, usually empty, may contain loops of bowel

A

vesicoutrerine space

51
Q

also known as pouch of douglas, posterior cul de sac, posterior to rectum, the most common dependent portion of the abdomen and place for fluid to collect

A

rectouterine space

52
Q

complex free fluid in the peritoneal recess is associated with ______ or ______

A

hemorrhage or infection

53
Q

the ______ and its branches supply blood to the pelvic organs

A

abdominal aorta

54
Q

divides at L4 into RoL common iliac artery

A

aorta

55
Q

what are the common iliac branches?

A

external iliac artery, and internal iliac artery (uterus artery and vaginal artery)

56
Q

crosses over the uterus on each side of the uterus and ascends along the lateral portion of the uterus within the broad ligament, at the cornue they course laterally to join the ovarian arteries

A

uterine arteries

57
Q

which arteries supply the majority of blood to the uterus?

A

uterine arteries

58
Q

multipul radial arteries that supply the deepest layer of the myometrium and endometrium

A

arcuate arteries

59
Q

what are the branches of the uterus arteries from outer to inner?

A

uterine, arcuate, radial, spiral

60
Q

empties into the IVC

A

Rt ovarian vein

61
Q

empties into the Lt renal vein

A

Lt ovarian vein

62
Q

Uterine veinous flexus is larger and more sonographic than the ______ flexus

A

arterial

63
Q

______ tortus veins near the uterus and in adnexa are a significant finding in patients with pain and may be associated with pelvic congestion syndrome

A

dilated

64
Q

what is the doppler characteristics of uterus arteries?

A

uterus arteries are moderately high resistance, higher resistance in proliferative phase than in secretory phase, higher resistance in post menopausal

65
Q

______ arteries have higher resistance flow in proliferative than in secretory phase, increasing difficulty to see in posterior menopausal

A

radial

66
Q

in the follicular phase, flow is low velocity and high resistance, during the periovulatory period and luteal phase impedance drops dramatically on the side of the dominant follicle

A

ovarian arteries

GYN (6 decks)

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