Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, & Sleep: Week 7 Flashcards
Adipose tissue
An anatomical term for loose connective tissue composed of adipocytes.
Its main role is to store energy in the form of fat, although it also cushions and insulates the body.
Obesity
Excessively high amount of body fat or adipose tissue
Socioeconomic status
Lower SES is a risk factor for obesity and associated with other environmental risk factors of obesity
Physiologic regulatory mechanisms
Adipocytes (fat cells) make over 100 different hormones and proteins which contribute to hormonal imbalances in patients with obesity
-insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension are a common result of these mechanisms
BMI formula
Weight (kg)/ height (m)squared
BMI classifications
underweight= < 18.5 Normal = 18.5-24.9 Overweight = 25-29.9 Obese= 30-39.9 Extremely obese >40
Gynoid fat distribution
pear shaped, weight carried more in the lower body
Based on weight circumference
More common in women
Associated with osteoporosis, varicose veins, cellulite
Android fat distribution
Apple-shaped, weight carried more in abdominal area
Higher risks for health problems like heart disease
Hormone replacement therapy
medication associated with obesity
Holistic
Comprehensive treatment of the whole person, incorporating the values of the patient and their life
Key to addressing obesity
Plateau
Periods of time when the patient will not lose weight, very common and expected in patients who are losing weight– important to educate patients about this
Biological clock
Cyclical nature of body function. Functions controlled from within the body are synchronized with environmental factors; same meaning as biorhythm.
Bruxism
Grinding, gnashing, or clenching of the teeth
Cataplexy
Condition characterized by sudden muscular weakness and loss of muscle tone.
Circadian rhythm
Repetition of certain physiological phenomena within a 24-hour cycle.
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Common symptom/complaint associated with obstructive sleep apnea
Insomnia
Condition characterized by chronic inability to sleep or remain asleep through the night.
Narcolepsy
Syndrome involving sudden sleep attacks that a person cannot inhibit. Uncontrollable desire to sleep may occur several times during a day.
Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep
Sleep that occurs during the first four stages of normal sleep.
Parasomnias
Disruptive sleep-related disorders
Examples: nocturnal enuresis, bruxism, night terrors, somnambulism
Polysomnogram
Sleep study– comprehensive diagnostic tests used to diagnose sleep disorders
Rapid eye movement [REM] sleep
Stage of sleep in which dreaming and rapid eye movements are prominent; important for mental restoration.
Restless leg syndrome
Uncontrollable urge to move legs, worsens with age and in the evening, makes it difficult to sleep
Shift work sleep disorder
Sleep disorder that affects people who work different/alternating shifts or work at night
Sleep apnea
Sleep disorder where breathing is repeatedly interrupted
Obstructive is most common
Sleep deprivation
Decrease in quality or quantity of sleep and or inconsistency in sleep
Sleep hygiene
Practices associated with sleep
Know aspects of good sleep hygiene
Somnambulism
Sleepwalking
