Obesity and Diabetes

Question 1

What % of English adults are currently overweight or obese?

Answer 1

2/3rds

Question 2

What % of English 11-15 year olds are currently overweight or obese?

Answer 2

1/3rd

Question 3

How many people are living with diabetes in the UK?

How many of these are type 2?

Answer 3

4.5 million (90% type 2)

Question 4

Obesity accounts for what % of the overall risk of developing T2DM?

Answer 4

80-85%

Question 5

Obesity prevalence was more than ____ as high in year 6 compared to reception.

Answer 5

twice

Question 6

Around 3/4 of reception children were a healthy weight. In year 6 it was about…?

Answer 6

2/3rds.

Question 7

What are the associated comorbidities of obesity in adults?

Answer 7

Type 2 diabetes
Coronary heart disease
Hypertension
Various cancers
Osteoarthritis
Stroke

Question 8

What are the associated comorbidities of obesity in children and teenagers?

Answer 8

Hypertension
Hyperinsulinaemia
Dyslipidaemia
Type 2 diabetes
Isolation
Orthopaedic problems

Question 9

What are the associated comorbidities of diabetes?

Answer 9

Cardiovascular disease
Kidney Disease
Eye Disease
Amputation
Depression
Neuropathy
Sexual Dysfunction
Complications in pregnancy
Life expectancy and mortality

Question 10

What is the cost of obesity and diabetes for the NHS?

Answer 10

£5.1 billion

£10 billion

Question 11

Free sugars consumption is associated with…? (3)

Answer 11

Greater risk of tooth decay
Increased energy (calorie) intake
Increased risk of type 2 diabetes (sugar sweetened drinks)

Question 12

What’s our daily free sugar limit?

Answer 12

19g for 4-6 year olds
24g for 7-10 year olds
30g for 11+ (about 7 sugar cubes, or 5% of energy intake)

Question 13

What are free sugars?

Answer 13

Sugars added to food/drink, or found naturally in fruit juice, honey and syrups.

Question 14

What doesn’t count as a free sugar?

Answer 14

Sugars contained naturally within the cell structure of whole foods, or lactose present in milk and dairy products

Question 15

What is the obesity plan by action on sugar?

Answer 15

1. Implement a 20% sugar duty on soft drinks & confectionery
2. Incremental reduction of saturated fat and free sugars in the next 5 years (50%)
3. Only healthy foods to be promoted/advertised
   This aims to reduce each person’s intake by 250-300 calories a day.

Question 16

What is the soft drink industry levy?

Answer 16

A regulated reformulation programme for soft drinks - this is dependent on how much sugar is in the drink, encouraging companies to reduce the amount of sugar in their drinks in order to avoid paying the extra charge.
For example, a drink with 5g of sugar per 100ml is charged 18p per litre, compared to 24p per litre for a drink with 8g per 100ml.

Question 17

Does the soft drink industry levy work?

Answer 17

It has led most producers to reduce the sugar in the drinks by up to 50%. However, some companies have not e.g. Coca Cola as they can afford to simply pay the extra charge.

Question 18

What are the benefits of the SDIL? (3)

Answer 18

Sugar reduction (unobtrusive reformulation)
Not regressive
No change in consumer habits

Question 19

What are the disadvantages of the SDIL? (2)

Answer 19

No reduction in sweetness
Increase in sweetener use
Also, the company may choose to increase the prices of their drinks, passing the cost of the charge onto the consumer

Question 20

Sugar reduction and reformulation by Public Health England - what is the aim?

Answer 20

20% voluntary reduction of sugar in major contributors, by 2020.

Question 21

What influences the public’s decision to eat badly?

Answer 21

Not all manufacturers reduce sugar etc. so taste still stays the same
Junk food marketing
Unhealthy foods on promotion
Increasing portion sizes over the last 50 years
Deprivation