Obesity

Question 1

Define Obesity

Answer 1

A condition of abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue, to the extent that health is impaired

Question 2

What are the different BMI levels of Obesity?

Answer 2

Obesity I 30-34.9
Obesity II 35-39.9
Obesity III 40 or more

Question 3

Why is BMI not reliable?

Answer 3

Does not take into account muscle mass

Question 4

How important are genes vs environments to your chances of developing obesity?

Answer 4

Heritability of obesity is very high (60-80%)

Genes predisposition and environment is a trigger

Question 5

What is an obesogenic environment?

Answer 5

Things in an environment that are likely to make people obese

1. Calorie content
2. Cost

Question 6

What drives obesity?

Answer 6

Food availability
Cost of food
Car use
Ability to play outside
Screen time
Education level
Educational achievement
Poverty
Social deprivation 
Ethnicity
Stress
Mental Health

Question 7

What are some obesity associated with co-morbidties?

Answer 7

Depression
Sleep apnoea 
Bowel Cancer
Osteoarthritis
Gout
Stroke
Myocardial infarction
Hypertension
Diabetes
Peripheral vascular disease

Question 8

What is BMI associated with?

Answer 8

Mortality

Question 9

How do we treat obesity?

Answer 9

Assess lifestyle, comorbidities and willingness to change

Consider referral to specialist care

Potential bariatric surgery

Orlistat

Question 10

How does Orlistat work?

Answer 10

Derivative of an endogenous lipstatin produced by Streptomyces toxytricini.

Gastric and pancreatic lipase inhibitor

Reduces dietary fat absorption by around 30%.

Question 11

When is bariatric surgery considered?

Answer 11

BMI of 40 kg/m2 or more
BMI of 35-40 kg/m2 and other co-morbidities
BMI of 30-34.9 kg/m2 for newly diagnosed T2DM

Question 12

What are the criteria for bariatric surgery?

Answer 12

non-surgical measures have failed to achieve or maintain adequate clinically beneficial weight loss for at least 6 months

receiving or will receive intensive specialist management

generally fit for anaesthesia and surgery

commit to the need for long-term follow-up

Question 13

What are the three types of bariatric surgery?

Answer 13

Gastric bypass

Gastric band

Sleeve gastrectomy

Question 14

What is gastric bypass?

Answer 14

the top part of your stomach is joined to the small intestine, so you feel fullersooner and do not absorb as many calories from food

Question 15

What is gastric band?

Answer 15

a band is placed around your stomach, so you do not need to eat as much to feel full

Question 16

What is sleeved gastronomy?

Answer 16

some of your stomach is removed,soyou cannot eat as much as you could before and you’ll feelfull sooner