Obesity Flashcards
define obesity
this is a clinical term with specific health implications
two ways of assessing weight status
BMI
waist circumference
how to calculate BMI
weight kg/height squared m2
BMI thresholds
normal= 18.5-24.9 overweight= 25-29.9 obesity 1= 30-34.9 obesity 2= 35-39.9 obesity 3= over 40
when are BMI thresholds different?
in Asian populations
what does BMI not take into account?
muscle mass
when is waist circumference measured?
when BMI is over 35
male waist circumference measurements
high= 94-102cm
very high=above 102cm
female waist circumference measurements
high is 80-88cm
very high is above 88cm
5 A’s of management of obesity
ask assess advise agree assist
what co-morbidities is obesity associated with?
OA
sleep apnoea
back pain
asthma
how does fat cause inflammation
adipose tissue secretes adipokines causing inflammation
role of leptin
tells the body how thin you are
what happens if no leptin/leptin receptor not working
then the body thinks you are starving and increases fat deposition
management of obesity
- diet, exercise
- orlistat
- bariatric surgery
what does orlistat do?
inhibits lipases blocking absorption of fat so they are excreted in faeces
examples of bariatric surgery
gastric band
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
vertical sleeve gastrectomy
do nutritional assessment post-surgery
usual causes of hypoglycaemia
missed/delayed meals or not enough CHO
increased insulin
physical activity
alcohol, especially on empty stomach
ways to reduce hypoglycaemia risk
emergency CHO
checking blood glucose frequently
never consume alcohol on empty stomach
beware of illness, stress and exercise
when should you avoid physical activity if diabetic
blood glucose >14mmol/L or ketones present
