Obesity Flashcards
what is the thrifty genotype
when we have optimised response to feeding opportunities
what gene varient is associated with obesity
FTO gene
what are the health risks of obesity
hypertension, cancer, gallbladder disease, renal failure, stroke, heart failure, artherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnoea, back pain, asthma, OA
what is the link between obesity and cancer
high levels of insulin (a trophic hormone) and oestrogen
what is the link between obesity and hyperinsulinaemia
Obese people are resistant to the actions of insulin. This causes a compensatory rise in secretion of insulin as pancreas tries to overcome the resistance. Eventually the pancreas can no longer keep up, and it is at this point that the patient becomes hyperglycaemic and develops diabetes
what is leptin
secreted by adipose tissue, tells your brain you have enough fat stores- decreased appetite and increased thermogenesis
what is the role of adiponectin
makes you receptive to insulin, facilitates insulin action
what does adipose tissue secrete
leptin, adiponectin, CRP, TNF alpha, IL-6. PAI-1, oestrogen, cortisol, free fatty acids
what are adipokines
proteins/peptides secreted by adipocytes
what immune cell does adipose share function with- explain
macrophages- secrete cytokines and store fat
what are foam cells
when macrophages accumulate fat, found in atherosclerotic plaques
where does inflammation start in obesity
in adipose tissue- secrete cytokines
also could be caused by cellular stress- ER gets overwhelmed
what is the only available weight loss drug in UK
orlistat
how does orlistat worl
inhibition of lipases that block absorption of dietary fat
1/3rd of ingested fat excreted into faeces
what are the types of bariatic surgery
restrictive (gastric band, vertical sleeve)
malabsorptive (gastric bypass)
