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Unit 5: Path - Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus and the Metabolic Syndrome > Obesity > Flashcards

Obesity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main processor of signals from the periphery?

A

Hypothalamus

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2
Q

What are the anorexigenic peptides produced by the hypothalamus?

A

Proopiomelanocortin, cocaine-/amphetamine-regulated transcript

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3
Q

What are the orexigenic peptides produced by the hypothalamus?

A

Neuropeptide Y, Agouti-related protein

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4
Q

What is the association between Leptin and appetite?

A

Low leptin levels increase appetite and decrease energy expenditure

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5
Q

What is the the effect of leptin on the anorexigenic and orexigenic axes?

A

Leptin activates the anorexigenic (POMC/CART) pathway and blocks the activity of the (NPY/AgRP) neurons

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6
Q

What is the function of glucagon-like peptide 1?

A

Decreases food intake, slows gastric emptying, generates a feeling of satiety, augments postprandial glucose stimulated insulin secretion resulting in reduced caloric intake into the intestines.

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7
Q

What is the function of ghrelin?

A

It stimulates hunger

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8
Q

What is the function of cholecystokinin?

A

Stimulates release of enzymes from the pancreas and gallbladder to aid digestion, slows gastric emptying and reduces food intake

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9
Q

What is the function of PYY?

A

Decrease appetite, duration of food intake, and total caloric intake

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10
Q

What is the job of pancreatic peptide?

A

Reduce appetite and food intake

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11
Q

What is the function of amylin?

A

Inhibit gastric emptying and decrease food intake

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12
Q

How does insulin act on appetite?

A

Increase mRNA transcription for POMC and suppress mRNA for Neuropeptide Y

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13
Q

Equation for BMI?

A

BMI =weight (kg) / [height (m)]^2

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14
Q

Which type of obesity has a higher risk of diabetes, HTN, and heart disease?

A

Abdominal obesity (apple-shaped)

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15
Q

How is Leptin genetically associated with obesity?

A

Leptin mutations and Leptin receptor mutations have been associated with obesity

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16
Q

What is the leading cause of childhood-onset obesity?

A

Melanocortin-4 receptor gene mutation

17
Q

What is the portal/visceral hypothesis of obesity?

A

Increased central adiposity increases delivery of nonesterified fatty acids to the liver, where they directly block insulin action

18
Q

What diabetes is strongly associated with obesity?

A

Type 2 DM

19
Q

What is the major killer in obesity and diabetes?

A

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

20
Q

What are four major cardiovascular complications of obesity?

A

HTN, Coronary Heart Disease, CHF, Thromboembolic disease

21
Q

What pulmonary dysfn. occurs in obesity?

A

Obstructive sleep apnea and Pickwickian syndrome (severe sleep apnea caused by obesity)

22
Q

What are the hepatobiliary consequences of obesity?

A

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Unit 5: Path - Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus and the Metabolic Syndrome (3 decks)

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