Obesity

Question 1

obesity, WHO

Answer 1

Is a chronic disease characterized by increased body fat, associated with increased health risk.

Question 2

Risk factors of obesity

Answer 2

• physical inactivity
• sedentary lifestyle
• consumption of foods
• high energy density
• soft drinks
• sugar drinks

Question 3

Protectors towards obesity

Answer 3

• regular physical activity
• consumption of foods with low energy density
• especially those high in dietary fiber such as whole grains and low-starch vegetables and breastfeeding

Question 4

Clasificacion de obseidad segun OMS

Answer 4

• Sobrepeso o pre obeso: 25-29.9
• obesidad grado 1 o moderada: 30-34.9
• obesidad grado 2 o severa: 35-39.9

Question 5

In the metabolic syndrome what are the numbers of the abdominal adiposity?

Answer 5

h: >102cm
m: >88cm

Question 6

Obesity treatment

Answer 6

Weight reduction aimed at losing and maintaining weight in the long term and at improving the comorbidities associated with this pathology
recommended weight loss is 1 kg per week

Question 7

dietary recommendations

Answer 7

aim of 10% reduction in body weight in the presence of type I obesity or higher in type II in 6 months. Restricted diet with intake of 500-1000 calories per day achieving 0.5-1kg weight loss per week

Question 8

Dental norm por the management of patients with hypertension

Answer 8

NOM-030-SSA2-1999

Question 9

Blood pressure components

Answer 9

• systolic blood pressure: force of blood ejected from heart on the walls of the vessels
• diastolic blood pressure: minimum value of blood pressure, distended state of arterial walls

Question 10

BP regulation system

Answer 10

• vasopressin (retains fluid) so that it does not decrease (increases pressure)
• renin-anglotensin-aldosterone system
• adrenaline/noradrenaline
• nervous factors

Question 11

Method to take the PA

Answer 11

1. Calm and seated, place the arm on the flat surface
2. The humeral pulse should be identified by palpation and with the help of direct ausultation (stethoscope).
3. place the cuff above the stethoscope and raise it between 160-180 mmHG and slowly and constantly release the pressure
4. Listen carefully for the beginning and end of the heart sound

Question 12

Clasificación de la presión arterial en el adulto

Answer 12

• etapa 1 leve: 140-159…..90-99
• etapa 2 moderada: 160-179…..100-109
• etapa 3 grave: 180-209….110-119
• etapa 4 muy grave <210…..<120

Question 13

Stage 1 140-159/90-99

Answer 13

no modifications to the treatment plan. Inform patient, refer physician, or both

Question 14

Stage 2 160-179/100-109

Answer 14

Selective dental treatment: restorations, prophylaxis, nonsurgical periodontal/endodontic therapy. Refer to physician. Dental treatment should be continued until the patient is under control.

Question 15

Stage 3 180-209/110-119

Answer 15

non-stress emergency procedures, pain relief, treatment of infections, masticatory of infections, masticatory dysfunction and consultation. Refer to doctor

Question 16

Dental management of patient with diabetes

Answer 16

DM is heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, due to decreased insulin secretion or utilization or both
Without adequate treatment, diabetes is accompanied by macro and microvascular alterations (atherosclerosis and microangiopathy) that favor the development of hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular accidents, retinopathy and renal failure, among other complications, as well as a tendency to infections and repair disorders.

Question 17

Clinical characteristics, signs and symptoms of diabetic patient

Answer 17

• polyuria
• polydipsia
• polyphagia
• fatigue
• weight loss without attempt

Question 18

DM complications

Answer 18

acute
- diabetic ketoacidosis
- nonketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma
- hypoglycemic shock in the patient frequently controlled by skipping a meal or by unforseen physical exertion

Question 19

Diabetes type 1

Answer 19

Mediated by Immune and Ac processes (formerly DMID or juvenile and is associated with other autoimmune diseases such as Grave’s, Hashimoto’s, Addison’s, vitiligo and pernicious anemia).

Question 20

Diabetes Type 2

Answer 20

Insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency or secretory defect (Before NIDDM or adult).
Associated with obesity or abdominal distribution of fat.

Question 21

Gestational diabetes mellitus

Answer 21

It is defined as some degree of “intolerance” to glucose that manifests itself during pregnancy, which may be transient or may exacerbate hidden DM.

Question 22

control tests diabetes types 2

Answer 22

glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb, HbA1c) indicated once or twice a year

Question 23

Diagnostic tests for DM

Answer 23

fasting and postprandial glucose

Question 24

Repercussion on management and oral condition: Bleeding

Answer 24

mainly post-surgical, of an immediate nature due to the poor quality of the wound

Question 25

Eating disorders

Answer 25

anorexia bulimia binge eating disorder

Question 26

effects of eating disorders

Answer 26

are not limited to a single sphere of the life of the person who suffers from them and not only is she affected, but her family environment also suffers the consequences

Question 27

Who suffers from eating disorders?

Answer 27

ages of onset: 12-25 years increasing between 12-17

Question 28

Multifactorial etiology of eating disorders

Answer 28

- cultural - personal (psycological) - familiar

Question 29

anorexia nervosa

Answer 29

characteristics - refusal to maintain normal minimum body weight - intense fear of gaining weight - significantly impaired perception of body shape or size - appearance of amenorrhea in women

Question 30

types of anorexia nervosa

Answer 30

restrictive: decreased amount of food and increased exercise compulsive/ purgatory: Half of the bulimic anorexias after long periods of starvation binge eating followed by induced vomiting

Question 31

Bulimia

Answer 31

Recurrent episodes of voracious eating, at least 2 weekly for 3 months Compensatory behaviors to not gain weight, with a sustained character: self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives, diuretics, enemas or other drugs, excessive physical exercise.

Question 32

Diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa

Answer 32

Recurrent periods of voracious ingestion. An episode of voracious ingestion is characterized by two of the following characteristics: - eating in a discrete period of time a quantity of food definitely greater than what most people would eat in a similar period of time, under the same circumstances, - feeling of lack of control over eating, for example, the feeling of not being able to stop eating, or not being able to control the amount of food eaten.

Question 33

Oral Statements of eating disorders

Answer 33

- dental erosion - saliva - diet - occupational factors

Question 34

depression

Answer 34

is a mood disorder that causes symptoms of distress, affecting how you feel, think, and coordinate daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working

Question 35

Types of depressions

Answer 35

- major or severe depression - persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) - perinatal depression - seasonal affective disorder - psychotic depression

Question 36

Major depression

Answer 36

When you have symptoms of depression most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks, and they interfere with your ability to work, sleep, study, eat, and enjoy life.

Question 37

Persistent depressive disorder

Answer 37

When you have symptoms of depression that last for at least two years. The person who has been diagnosed with this type of depression may have episodes of major depression along with periods of less severe symptoms.

Question 38

Perinatal depression

Answer 38

Women with perinatal depression experience major depression during pregnancy or after childbirth (postpartum depression).

Question 39

Seasonal affective disorder

Answer 39

A type of depression that comes and goes with the seasons, usually beginning in late fall or early winter and disappearing in the spring and summer.