Obesity Flashcards
the body’s relative amounts of fat mass and fat-free mass (bone, water, muscle, connective and organ tissues, teeth)
body composition
fat that is crucial for normal body functioning
essential fat
essential fat is what (%-%) of total body weight in males
3-5%
essential fat is what (%-%) of total body weight in females
8-12%
excess adipose tissue
nonessential fat
a rough assessment based on the concept that a person’s weight should be proportional to height
BMI
waist circumference _ inches is a health risk for men
> 40
waist circumference _ inches is a health risk for women
> 35
t/f women generally have a high % of body fat than men
true
-total body weight above a recommended range for good health
-10% or more over recommended weight
-BMI over 25
overweight
-severely overweight and over-fat
-excessive accumulation of body fat
-weighing 20% or more over recommended weight
-BMI over 30
obesity
the most important consideration in evaluating body weight and composition is the proportion of total body weight that is _
adipose tissue
nutrient intake in relation to dietary need
nutrition
the relation between nutrient intake and energy output (muscular activity)
energy balance
the storage of excess nutrient intake as fat
positive energy balance
the use of stored body fat as energy
negative energy balance
-based on Archimedes principle
-measures the density of your body
-uses that to the calculate the percentage of fat and lean tissue
hydrostatic training
subjects enter a sealed chamber that measures their body volume through the displacement of air in the chamber
bod pod
in the bod pod, the body volume is combined with _ in order to determine body density
body weight (mass)
two x-ray beams with differing energy levels are aimed at the patient’s bones. when soft tissue absorption is subtracted out, the BMD can be determined from the absorption of each beam by bone
dual energy x-ray absorpitomery (DEXA)
t/f the DEXA scan is the most accurate method to assess body compisition
true
folds of skin are measured with a caliper and results are used in equations that link the thickness of skinfolds to % body fat calculations made from precise experiments
skinfold measurements
t/f successful weight loss plans are based on a combination of diet restriction and increased energy expenditure through exercise
true
positive energy balance
weight gain
negative energy balance
weight loss
1lb fat= _kcals
3500
_ is a unit of heat energy
kcal
_ influence how the body burns calories for energy or how it stores fat
genes
_ fat is associated with CHD, diabetes, hyperlipidemia
visceral
upper body obesity
android
lower body obesity
gynoid
-determines the electrical impedance, or opposition to the flow of an electric current through body tissues which can then be used to calculate an estimate of total body water (TBW)
-accuracy can be affected by mood or hydration
bioelectrical impedance
healthy weight loss _ the loss of body fat while maintaining muscle mass
maximizes
weight loss through_ restriction results in loss of lean body mass (muscle) along with fat loss
calorie
combining _ and _ control the most effective approach to achieve permanent weight loss with minimal loss of muscle mass
exercise/calorie
_ training combined with aerobic training is a more effective approach than aerobic training alone
resistance
t/f most successful approach is gradual, slow, incremental calorie restriction
true
severe calorie restriction triggers a starvation reaction thus lowering the basic _ _ and lowering calorie output
metabolic rate
when following a restricted daily calorie diet, all food consumed should be _ in nutrient density
high
to minimize the loss of muscle tissue during weight loss, body weight reduction should not exceed _ pounds per week
2-3
being overweight increases risk for developing _ (most common joint disorder)
osteoarthritis
t/f more than 70% of women and 35% of men who suffer from OA are overweight
true
-poor tolerance for physical activity (excessive fatigue_
-high risk of musculoskeletal injuries
-elevated BP
-breathing difficulties
-thermoregulation issues
-these are what type of risk
disease dependent risk
