Obesity

Question 1

What is obesity?

Answer 1

A condition of abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue, to the extent that health is impaired

Question 2

What are the 8 disease areas that obesity is a risk factor for?

Answer 2

T2DM, CV diseases, cancer, gallbladder disease, obstructive sleep apnoea, aggravated arthritis, gout, infertility

Question 3

What are the signs and symptoms of a leptin deficiency?

Answer 3

Infertility, stunted growth, decreased body temperature, decreased energy expenditure, decreased immune function

Question 4

What drives obesity?

Answer 4

Combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors

Question 5

what factors contribute to an obesogenic environment?

Answer 5

food marketing and junk food, ability to go outside, care use, screen time, educational level, poverty, social deprivation

Question 6

what is an obesogenic environment?

Answer 6

in a given environment certain factors can increase your propensity to obesity

Question 7

what co-morbidities are associated with Obesity?

Answer 7

depression, sleep apnoea, bowel cancer, osteoarthritis, gout, stroke, MI, hypertension, diabetes, gallbladder disease, infertility

Question 8

what are the three stages of obesity treatment?

Answer 8

determine degree of obesity. Assess lifestyle, comorbidities, and willingness to change. Management - lifestyle changes, drug treatment, follow up.

Question 9

what drugs can be given to treat obesity?

Answer 9

Orlistat

Question 10

How does orlistat work?

Answer 10

is a gastric and pancreatic lipase inhibitor therefore reduces dietary fat absorption by 30% producing steatorrhoea

Question 11

What are the adverse effects of Orlistat use?

Answer 11

steatorrhoea, faecal urgency, possible fat soluble vitamin deficiency

Question 12

When is Bariatric surgery considered as a treatment for obesity?

Answer 12

BMI of 40Kg/m2 or more. BMI of 35-40 with co-morbidities. BMI of 30-34.9 with newly diagnosed T2DM. When non-surgical measures have failed to achieve or maintain adequate weight loss for at least 6 months.

Question 13

What are the issues with using BMI as a measure of obesity?

Answer 13

can be inaccurate due to muscle mass

Question 14

what are the three types of bariatric surgery used to treat obesity?

Answer 14

Gastric bypass, Gastric band, Sleeve gastroectomy

Question 15

Outline the basic principles of gastric bypass surgery

Answer 15

the top part of the stomach is joined to the small intestine so you feel fuller sooner and do not absorb as many calories

Question 16

outline the basic principles of a gastric band

Answer 16

band in placed around your stomach so you do not need to eat as much to feel full

Question 17

outline the basic principles of a gastroectomy

Answer 17

Some of the stomach is removed so you cannot eat as much as before and feel fuller sooner

Question 18

Which type of bariatric surgery used to treat obesity is shown to cause the greatest weight loss?

Answer 18

Gastric bypass