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Oral Biology > OB11 - Mastication - Control > Flashcards

OB11 - Mastication - Control Flashcards

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1
Q

how is mastication controlled?

A
  • pattern generator
  • voluntary
  • reflex
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2
Q

what is a reflex?

A

Predictable response to a given stimulus

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3
Q

5 examples of reflexes?

A
  • knee jerk
  • jaw jerk
  • pupillary jerk
  • gag reflex
  • salivary reflex
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4
Q

describe the reflex pathway (7)

A
  • stimulus
  • receptor
  • afferent neurone
  • synapse
  • efferent neurone
  • effector
  • response
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5
Q

what are the three types of jaw relfexes?

A
  • stretch reflex
  • protective reflex
  • unloading reflex
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6
Q

what reflexes are usually mono-

synaptic?

A

stretch reflexes

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7
Q

What is the receptor in the knee jerk reflex?

A

Muscle spindle

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8
Q

How many synapses are in the knee- jerk reflex?

A

one

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9
Q

What is the effect of the knee jerk reflex?

A

Contraction of quadriceps femoris

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10
Q

What is the latency of the knee jerk reflex?

A

19- 24ms

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11
Q

How long is the minimum synaptic delay?

A

0.2ms per synapse

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12
Q

What is the effect of the jaw jerk reflex?

A

Contraction of masseter muscle

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13
Q

What is the latency of the jaw- jerk reflex?

A

7-8ms

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14
Q

What is the role of the jaw jerk reflex?

A

It stabilises the jaw during vigorous head movements- e.g during running

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15
Q

What is the name for a polysnaptic reflex which is often a response to a noxious stimulus?

A

protective reflex

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16
Q

what are the stimuli of the jaw opening reflex?

A
  • Intra‐oral mechanical or noxious

- extra‐oral noxious

17
Q

what are the receptors of the jaw opening reflex?

A

Mechanoreceptors and nociceptors

18
Q

What is the response of jaw opening reflex?

A

Inactivation of jaw closers

19
Q

what is the response of inhibitory jaw reflexes?

A

inactivation of jaw closing muscles

20
Q

what is the role of the inhibitory jaw reflexes?

A
  • prevent overloading of the masticatory system
  • expel noxious material
  • minimise damage to intra-/peri- oral structures
21
Q

What is the stimulus for jaw unloading reflex?

A

Sudden closure following hard biting e.g a hard/brittle food breaks

22
Q

What is the response for jaw unloading reflex?

A

Inactivation of jaw closing muscles and activation of jaw opening muscles

23
Q

What is the result of jaw unloading reflex?

A

teeth do not crash together

Oral Biology (4 decks)

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