OB/Peds Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Antepartum

A

“Prenatal”…before birth

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2
Q

Intrapartum

A

During birth

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3
Q

Postpartum

A

After birth

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4
Q

Prenatal Visit Schedule

A

Conception - 18 wks q 4 wks. 19-36 wks q 2-3 wks. 37 wks - birth q weekly

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5
Q

Gravida

A

Any pregnancy, regardless of duration, including the one in progress

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6
Q

Para

A

A woman who has given birth to one or more children who reached 20 weeks regardless of whether it was alive

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7
Q

Folic Acid

A

Pevents spina bifida or any neural tube defects. If the pt has cx however, it will increase growth cells

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8
Q

TPALM

A

T (# of term infants born after 38 wks) P (# of preterm infants born) A (# of abortions) L (# of living children) M (# number of multiple births)

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9
Q

Nagele’s Rule

A

Identify first day of the LNMP, count backwards 3 months and then add 7 days.

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10
Q

Chloasma

A

Mask of pregnancy

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11
Q

Goodell’s Sign

A

Softening of the cervix and the vagina caused by increased vascular congestion

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12
Q

Chadwick’s Sign

A

Purplish or bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and vulva caused by increased vascular congestion

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13
Q

Hegar’s Sign

A

Softening of the lower uterine segment

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14
Q

Ballottement

A

A maneuver by which the fetal part is displaced by a light tap of the examining finger on the cervix and then rebounds quickly

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15
Q

Fetal Heartbeat

A

detected as early as 10 wks using a Doppler. Ranges between 110-160 bpm.

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16
Q

Endocrine Changes

A

Addition of placenta as a temporary endocrine organ that produces large amts of estrogen and progesterone. hPL increases maternal insulin resistance providing the fetus with glucose for growth.

17
Q

Colostrum

A

High in protein, fat-soluble vitamins and minerals, low in calories, fat and sugar. Contains the mothers antibodies to diseases and is secreted for the first 2-3 days after birth

18
Q

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

A

Excessive nausea and vomiting that can significantly interfere with food intake and fluid balance, fetal growth may be restricted. Dehydration impairs perfusion of the placenta, reducing the delivery of blood oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.

19
Q

Manifestations of Hyperemesis Gravidarum

A

Differs from morning sickness in one of the following ways: persistent n/v, significant weight loss, dehydration, electrolyte and acid-base imbalances

20
Q

Cerclage

A

Suturing of an incompetent cervix that opens when the growing fetus grows against it, it is successful in most cases. Low hCG or low fetal heart rate by 8 weeks may be an ominous sign

21
Q

Hydatidiform Mole

A

AKA gestational trophoblastic disease or molar pregnancy…May cause hemorrhage, clotting abnormalities, hypertension, or cx development later. More likely in women at the age of extremes of reproductive life.

22
Q

Placenta Previa

A

Occurs when the placenta develops in the lower part of the uterus rather than the upper

23
Q

Marginal (Placenta Previa)

A

Placenta reaches within 2-3 cm of the cervical opening

24
Q

Partial (Placenta Previa)

A

Placenta partly covers the cervical opening

25
Q

Total (Placenta Previa)

A

Placenta completely covers the cervical opening

26
Q

Manifestations of Placenta Previa

A

Painless vaginal bleeding, usually bright red, is the main manifestation.

27
Q

Abruptio Placentae

A

The premature separation of a placenta that is normally implanted

28
Q

Manifestations of Abruptio Placentae

A

Bleeding accompanied by abdominal or lower back pain

29
Q

Eclampsia

A

Progression to eclampsia from preeclampsia occurs when the woman has one or more generalized tonic-clonic seizures (may result in cerebral hemorrhage, abruptio placentae, fetal compromise, or death of the mother or fetus)

30
Q

HELLP Syndrome

A

A variant of GH that involves hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets.

31
Q

Magnesium Sulfate for Tx of GH

A

An anticonvulsant given to prevent seizures; given IV for 12-24 hrs, Poor urine output may allow toxic level to be reached. It inhibits uterine contractions so most women receive oxytocin which puts them at an increased rick of hemorrhage. Therapeutic serum level is 4-8 mg/dL.

32
Q

TORCH

A

Toxoplasmosis, “O”ther, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes……Infections that can be devastating for the fetus or newborn.

33
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

A widespread infection that commonly occurs during the childbearing years. Often asymptomatic in the mother. Infant may have mental retardation, seizures, blindness, deafness, dental abnormalities, petechiae. There is no effective tx for CMV infection.

34
Q

Rubella

A

A mild viral disease with a low fever and rash. In very early pregnancy it can disrupt the formation of major body systems, later it is more likely to damage organs that are already formed. Microcephaly, Mental retardation, Congenital Cataracts, Deafness, Intrauterine Growth Restrictions may be present in the embryo/fetus. Immunization is NOT used during pregnancy because it is a live attenuated.

35
Q

Manifestations of IICP

A

Slowed pulse rate, irregular respirations, increased BP