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Obstetrics and Gynecology > OB/GYN vocabulary > Flashcards

OB/GYN vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

abortion (AB)

A

discharge of an embryo from the uterus before about the 20th week of gestation; spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) is unplanned and due to the death of an embryo; elective abortion is legal termination of pregnancy; therapeutic abortion is necessary for the mother’s health

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2
Q

abruptio placentae

A

emergency condition occurring when the placenta tears away from the uterine wall prior to the birth of a fetus; requires immediate delivery of the baby

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3
Q

atresia

a- = without

A

lack of a normal body opening (for example, hysteratresia is the closing of the cervix, usually from scarring)

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4
Q

breast cancer

A

malignant tumor of the breast; usually forms in milk glands or the lining of milk ducts

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5
Q

cervical cancer

cervic/o = cervix
-al = pertaining to
A

malignant tumor of the cervix; some cases are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted virus for which there is now a vaccine; regular Pap smears are used for early detection

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6
Q

cesarean section (CS, C-section)

A

surgical birth of a baby through an incision into the abdominal and uterine walls; name for Roman emperor Julius Caesar, who is said to have been the first person born using this method

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7
Q

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

chori/o = chorion
-nic = pertaining to
A

removal of a small piece of chorion for genetic analysis; can be done at an earlier stage of pregnancy than amniocentesis

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8
Q

conization

A

surgical removal of a core of cervical tissue for biopsy

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9
Q

cystocele

cyst/o = urinary bladder
-cele = protrusion
A

hernia or outpouching of the urinary bladder protrudes into the vagina; can cause urinary frequency and urgency and block the vagina

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10
Q

dilation and curettage (D&C)

A

surgical procedure consisting of the widening of the cervix and scraping or suctioning out of the endometrial lining of the uterus; often performed after a spontaneous abortion or to stop excessive bleeding from other causes

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11
Q

eclampsia

-ia = condition

A

worsening of preeclampsia symptoms with development of seizures and possibly coma; may occur between the 20th week of pregnancy and up to six weeks postpartum

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12
Q

ectopic pregnancy

-ic = pertaining to

A

pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus, usually in the uterine tubes; the growing fetus will rupture the uterine tube requiring a salpingectomy; also called salpingocyesis

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13
Q

endometriosis

endo- = inner
metr/o = uterus
-osis = abnormal condition
A

condition when endometrial tissue appears throughout the pelvic or abdominal cavity; causes recurring pain and scarring

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14
Q

endometrial cancer

endo- = inner
metr/o = uterus
-osis = abnormal condition
A

condition when endometrial tissue appears throughout the pelvic or abdominal cavity; causes recurring pain and scarring

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15
Q

endometrial cancer

endo- = inner
metr/o = uterus
-al = pertaining to
A

cancerous tumor that forms in the lining of the uterus

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16
Q

fetal monitoring

fet/o = fetus
-al = pertaining to
A

use of electronic equipment placed on the mother’s abdomen or fetus’ scalp to check the fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal heart tone (FHT) during labor; normal FHR ranges from 120 to 160 beats per minute; drop in the fetal heart rate indicates fetal distress

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17
Q

fibrocystic breast

fibr/o = fibrous
cyst/o = sac
-ic = pertaining to
A

benign cysts in breast tissue; not precancerous

18
Q

fibroid tumor

fibr/o = fibrous
-oid = resembling
A

benign tumor of fiber-like tissue; the most common type of tumor in women

19
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passageway that develops between two structures; vesicovaginal fistula is between the urinary bladder and the vagina; rectovaginal fistula is between the rectum and the vagina

20
Q

gestational diabetes

A

development of difficulty with carbohydrate metabolism and high blood sugar during a pregnancy; usually resolves after delivery

21
Q

hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)

hemo/o = blood
-lytic = destruction
A

condition developing in a fetus when the mother’s blood type is Rh-negative and the baby’s blood is Rh-positive; antibodies in the mother’s blood enter the fetus’ bloodstream through the placenta and destroy the fetus’ red blood cells; causes anemia, jaundice, and enlargement of the spleen; treated with intrauterine blood transfusion; also called erythroblastosis fetalis

22
Q

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

A

medication to replace hormones secreted by the ovaries; hormones may be missing due to menopause or loss of ovaries

23
Q

in vitro fertilization (IVF)

A

infertility treatment; ova are removed from the woman and fertilized by sperm externally; resulting embryos are returned to the uterus for development; commonly called test tube baby

24
Q

infertility

A

inability to produce children; generally defined as no pregnancy after properly time intercourse for one year

25
Q

intrauterine device (IUD)

intra- = within
uter/o = uterus
-ine = pertaining to
A

device placed into the uterus through the cervix by a physician for the purpose of contraception

26
Q

lactation

lact/o = milk

A

production of milk by the breast to provide nourishment for a newborn

27
Q

menarche

men/o = menstruation
-arche = beginning
A

first menstrual period of puberty; in the US, the average age for menarche is 12 1/2 years

28
Q

menopause

men/o = menstruation

A

period of time associated with the ending of menstrual activity and childbearing years

29
Q

oral contraceptive pills (OCPs)

or/o = mouth
-al = pertaining to
A

form of birth control that use low does of female hormones to block ovulation; commonly called birth control pills

30
Q

ovarian cancer

ovari/o = ovary
-an = pertaining to
A

cancerous tumor formed within an ovary

31
Q

Papanicolaou (Pap) smear

A

test for early detection of cervical cancer; name after test developer George Papanicolaou, a Greek physician; cells are removed from the cervix by simple scraping and examined under a microscope

32
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

pelv/o = pelvis
-ic = pertaining to
A

chronic or acute infection, usually bacterial, that ascends through the female reproductive tract and out into the pelvic cavity; can result in scarring that interferes with fertility

33
Q

placenta previa

A

placenta forms in the lower portion of the uterus and blocks the birth canal; can require a C-section for delivery

34
Q

preeclampsia

pre- = before
-ia = condition
A

metabolic condition of pregnancy; symptoms include hypertension, headaches, protein in the urine, and edema; if untreated it may progress to eclampsia; also called toxemia or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)

35
Q

premature birth

pre- = before

A

birth of a fetus before 37 weeks of gestation

36
Q

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

pre- = before

A

symptoms that develop just prior to the onset of a menstrual period; can include irritability, headache, tender breasts, and anxiety

37
Q

prolapsed uterus

A

fallen uterus that can cause the cervix to protrude through the vaginal opening

38
Q

puberty

A

period of time in which a child becomes an adult; development of adult body, production of eggs or sperm; person is now capable of reproduction

39
Q

rectocele

rect/o = rectum
-cele = protrustion
A

occurs when the vaginal wall becomes thinner, allowing the rectum to press against it enough to create a bulge into the vagina; may be large enough to block the vagina

40
Q

stillbirth (SB)

A

birth in which a viable-aged fetus dies shortly before or at the time of birth

41
Q

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

tox/o = poison
-ic = pertaining to
A

rare and sometimes fatal bacterial infection that occurs mainly in menstruating women; initial infection occurs in the vagina and is associated with prolonged wearing of a super-absorbent tampon; toxins secreted by bacteria then enter the bloodstream

42
Q

tubal ligation

A

surgical typing off of uterine tubes to prevent pregnancy

Obstetrics and Gynecology (5 decks)

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