OB/GYN vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

abortion (AB)

A

discharge of an embryo from the uterus before about the 20th week of gestation; spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) is unplanned and due to the death of an embryo; elective abortion is legal termination of pregnancy; therapeutic abortion is necessary for the mother’s health

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2
Q

abruptio placentae

A

emergency condition occurring when the placenta tears away from the uterine wall prior to the birth of a fetus; requires immediate delivery of the baby

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3
Q

atresia

a- = without

A

lack of a normal body opening (for example, hysteratresia is the closing of the cervix, usually from scarring)

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4
Q

breast cancer

A

malignant tumor of the breast; usually forms in milk glands or the lining of milk ducts

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5
Q

cervical cancer

cervic/o = cervix
-al = pertaining to
A

malignant tumor of the cervix; some cases are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted virus for which there is now a vaccine; regular Pap smears are used for early detection

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6
Q

cesarean section (CS, C-section)

A

surgical birth of a baby through an incision into the abdominal and uterine walls; name for Roman emperor Julius Caesar, who is said to have been the first person born using this method

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7
Q

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

chori/o = chorion
-nic = pertaining to
A

removal of a small piece of chorion for genetic analysis; can be done at an earlier stage of pregnancy than amniocentesis

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8
Q

conization

A

surgical removal of a core of cervical tissue for biopsy

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9
Q

cystocele

cyst/o = urinary bladder
-cele = protrusion
A

hernia or outpouching of the urinary bladder protrudes into the vagina; can cause urinary frequency and urgency and block the vagina

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10
Q

dilation and curettage (D&C)

A

surgical procedure consisting of the widening of the cervix and scraping or suctioning out of the endometrial lining of the uterus; often performed after a spontaneous abortion or to stop excessive bleeding from other causes

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11
Q

eclampsia

-ia = condition

A

worsening of preeclampsia symptoms with development of seizures and possibly coma; may occur between the 20th week of pregnancy and up to six weeks postpartum

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12
Q

ectopic pregnancy

-ic = pertaining to

A

pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus, usually in the uterine tubes; the growing fetus will rupture the uterine tube requiring a salpingectomy; also called salpingocyesis

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13
Q

endometriosis

endo- = inner
metr/o = uterus
-osis = abnormal condition
A

condition when endometrial tissue appears throughout the pelvic or abdominal cavity; causes recurring pain and scarring

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14
Q

endometrial cancer

endo- = inner
metr/o = uterus
-osis = abnormal condition
A

condition when endometrial tissue appears throughout the pelvic or abdominal cavity; causes recurring pain and scarring

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15
Q

endometrial cancer

endo- = inner
metr/o = uterus
-al = pertaining to
A

cancerous tumor that forms in the lining of the uterus

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16
Q

fetal monitoring

fet/o = fetus
-al = pertaining to
A

use of electronic equipment placed on the mother’s abdomen or fetus’ scalp to check the fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal heart tone (FHT) during labor; normal FHR ranges from 120 to 160 beats per minute; drop in the fetal heart rate indicates fetal distress

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17
Q

fibrocystic breast

fibr/o = fibrous
cyst/o = sac
-ic = pertaining to
A

benign cysts in breast tissue; not precancerous

18
Q

fibroid tumor

fibr/o = fibrous
-oid = resembling
A

benign tumor of fiber-like tissue; the most common type of tumor in women

19
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passageway that develops between two structures; vesicovaginal fistula is between the urinary bladder and the vagina; rectovaginal fistula is between the rectum and the vagina

20
Q

gestational diabetes

A

development of difficulty with carbohydrate metabolism and high blood sugar during a pregnancy; usually resolves after delivery

21
Q

hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)

hemo/o = blood
-lytic = destruction
A

condition developing in a fetus when the mother’s blood type is Rh-negative and the baby’s blood is Rh-positive; antibodies in the mother’s blood enter the fetus’ bloodstream through the placenta and destroy the fetus’ red blood cells; causes anemia, jaundice, and enlargement of the spleen; treated with intrauterine blood transfusion; also called erythroblastosis fetalis

22
Q

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

A

medication to replace hormones secreted by the ovaries; hormones may be missing due to menopause or loss of ovaries

23
Q

in vitro fertilization (IVF)

A

infertility treatment; ova are removed from the woman and fertilized by sperm externally; resulting embryos are returned to the uterus for development; commonly called test tube baby

24
Q

infertility

A

inability to produce children; generally defined as no pregnancy after properly time intercourse for one year

25
intrauterine device (IUD) ``` intra- = within uter/o = uterus -ine = pertaining to ```
device placed into the uterus through the cervix by a physician for the purpose of contraception
26
lactation lact/o = milk
production of milk by the breast to provide nourishment for a newborn
27
menarche ``` men/o = menstruation -arche = beginning ```
first menstrual period of puberty; in the US, the average age for menarche is 12 1/2 years
28
menopause men/o = menstruation
period of time associated with the ending of menstrual activity and childbearing years
29
oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) ``` or/o = mouth -al = pertaining to ```
form of birth control that use low does of female hormones to block ovulation; commonly called birth control pills
30
ovarian cancer ``` ovari/o = ovary -an = pertaining to ```
cancerous tumor formed within an ovary
31
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear
test for early detection of cervical cancer; name after test developer George Papanicolaou, a Greek physician; cells are removed from the cervix by simple scraping and examined under a microscope
32
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) ``` pelv/o = pelvis -ic = pertaining to ```
chronic or acute infection, usually bacterial, that ascends through the female reproductive tract and out into the pelvic cavity; can result in scarring that interferes with fertility
33
placenta previa
placenta forms in the lower portion of the uterus and blocks the birth canal; can require a C-section for delivery
34
preeclampsia ``` pre- = before -ia = condition ```
metabolic condition of pregnancy; symptoms include hypertension, headaches, protein in the urine, and edema; if untreated it may progress to eclampsia; also called toxemia or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)
35
premature birth pre- = before
birth of a fetus before 37 weeks of gestation
36
premenstrual syndrome (PMS) pre- = before
symptoms that develop just prior to the onset of a menstrual period; can include irritability, headache, tender breasts, and anxiety
37
prolapsed uterus
fallen uterus that can cause the cervix to protrude through the vaginal opening
38
puberty
period of time in which a child becomes an adult; development of adult body, production of eggs or sperm; person is now capable of reproduction
39
rectocele ``` rect/o = rectum -cele = protrustion ```
occurs when the vaginal wall becomes thinner, allowing the rectum to press against it enough to create a bulge into the vagina; may be large enough to block the vagina
40
stillbirth (SB)
birth in which a viable-aged fetus dies shortly before or at the time of birth
41
toxic shock syndrome (TSS) ``` tox/o = poison -ic = pertaining to ```
rare and sometimes fatal bacterial infection that occurs mainly in menstruating women; initial infection occurs in the vagina and is associated with prolonged wearing of a super-absorbent tampon; toxins secreted by bacteria then enter the bloodstream
42
tubal ligation
surgical typing off of uterine tubes to prevent pregnancy