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OB Final > OB Final > Flashcards

OB Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between the cervix prior and post birth?

A

cervix prior birth is small, regular, oval opening

cervix post birth has a transverse slit that resembles lips

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2
Q

What is the most inexpensive way to prevent clots?

A

ambulation

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3
Q

What is the “hormone of pregnancy”/ sustain pregnancy?

A

progesterone

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of hemorrhage?

A

uterine atony in the 4th stage of labor

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5
Q

What is a way to promote bonding after birth?

A

give the baby to the mother immediately after birth

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6
Q

What is a big risk for infection during pregnancy?

A

multiple hands in the vagina

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7
Q

What is conduction?

A

transfer of heat from one object to another when the two objects are in direct contact with each other
- cold mattress, scale, circumcision board

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8
Q

What is convection?

A

flow of heat from the body surface to cooler surrounding air or to air circulating over a body surface; breeze from a window being open

  • cool breeze that flows over the newborn
  • keep away from doors & windows
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9
Q

What is evaporation?

A

loss of heat when a liquid is converted to a vapor

- when baby is born and covered in amniotic fluid then the air evaporates it

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10
Q

What is radiation?

A

loss of body heat to cooler, solid surfaces that are in proximity but not in direct contact with the newborn; standing near the closed window; close proximity

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11
Q

Can breast milk be measured?

A

No, only formula

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12
Q

How often do breast fed babies need to feed?

A

every 2-3 hours, nursing for 10-20 minutes on each breast

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13
Q

How often do bottle fed babies need to feed?

A

every 3-4 hours, finishing a bottle in 30 minutes

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14
Q

How much formula should a full term baby be getting?

A

1.5-2 oz (45-60 mL) per lb

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15
Q

Do newborns drink water?

A

No, not enough nutrients

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16
Q

What is avoided inside the babies crib?

A

no toys or clothing inside the crib

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17
Q

What is the first stage of labor?

A

“dilation”- from the first contraction to the full dilation of the cervix

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18
Q

What is the second stage of labor?

A

“expulsive stage”- fully dilated cervix and ends with the birth of the newborn

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19
Q

What is the third stage of labor?

A

“placental expulsion”- newborn is born to the separation/ birth of the placenta

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20
Q

What is the fourth stage of labor?

A

“restorative stage/ immediate postpartum period”- mother’s body begins to stabilize after the hard work of labor and the loss of the products of conception

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21
Q

What is the longest stage of labor?

A

first stage “dilation”

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22
Q

What is the latent/early phase?

A

0-3 cm; 0%-40% effacement; takes 9 hours; contractions are every 5-10 minutes lasting 30-45 seconds

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23
Q

What is the active phase?

A

4-7 cm; 40%-80% effacement; takes 6 hours; contractions are every 2-5 minutes lasting 45-60 seconds

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24
Q

What is the transition phase?

A

8-10 cm; 80%-100% effacement; every 1-2 minutes lasting 60-90 seconds

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25
Q

Which PHASE is the most difficult, but shortest?

A

transition phase

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26
Q

What time period is RhoGAM given?

A

given at 28-32 gestational weeks and within 72 hours after birth

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27
Q

What is the difference between pudendal block and epidural?

A

pudendal- usually for 2nd stage, episiotomy, or operative vaginal birth
epidural- continuous infusion or intermittent injection; usually started when dilation >5 cm

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28
Q

What is gestational age?

A

stage of maturity

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29
Q

When is gestational age determined?

A

physical assessment done at 2 hours of life

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30
Q

What is the APGAR score?

A

evaluation of newborn’s physical condition at 1 minute and 5 minute then 10 minute if 5 minute is score of 7 or lower

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31
Q

What does APGAR stand for?

A 
A= appearance (color)
P= pulse (heart rate)
G= grimace (reflux irritability)
A= activity (muscle tone)
R= respiratory (respiratory effort)
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32
Q

When do newborns need to urinate?

A

within 24 hours

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33
Q

The newborn’s blood sugar should be at what?

A

above 145

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34
Q

How many diapers do newborns go through daily?

A

6-12 diapers to ensure adequate hydration

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35
Q

What is gestational diabetes?

A

glucose intolerance with its onset during pregnancy or first detection during pregnancy

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36
Q

When do we screen for gestational diabetes?

A

at 24-28 weeks

37
Q

How is oxytocin administered?

A

piggy back, never given as a bolus

38
Q

At what gestational week do the organs develop?

A

8 weeks

39
Q

What is placenta previa?

A

bleeding condition that occurs during the last two trimesters of pregnancy; placenta implants over the cervical os

40
Q

What is abruptio placentae?

A

separation of the normally located placenta after the 20th week of gestation; prior to birth that leads the hemorrhage

41
Q

Postterm labor is considered at what gestational week?

A

over 42 weeks

42
Q

What is premature rupture of membranes “PROM”?

A

women beyond 37 weeks’ gestation

43
Q

What is an important NI for premature rupture of membranes?

A

no unsterile digital cervical exams until woman is in active labor

44
Q

What is the purpose of invitro fertilization?

A

increase ovulation

45
Q

What is the purpose of contraceptives?

A

decrease ovulation

46
Q

Where does fertilization take place?

A

fallopian tubes

47
Q

What is follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?

A

rises and stimulates the follicle to produce estrogen

48
Q

Signs/symptoms of mastitis?

A

warm/hot and hard area

49
Q

When does the foramen ovale close?

A

at the first breath

50
Q

When does the ductus venosus?

A

cutting the cord

51
Q

When do we feel the movement of the fetus?

A

16-20 weeks

52
Q

When does the uterus come out of the pelvis?

A

12 weeks (3 months)

53
Q

At what week is the fetus at the top of umbilicus?

A

20 weeks

54
Q

How much weight gain per week/ total pregnancy?

A

25-35 lbs total pregnancy

3-5 lbs total in the 1st trimester, than 1 lb/week until birth

55
Q

What is the difference between frequency and duration?

A

frequency- how often the contractions occur

duration- how long a contraction lasts

56
Q

Difference between morning sickness and hyperactiva gravida?

A

hyperactiva gravida continues into the 2nd trimester

57
Q

What does a frank breech baby look like?

A

feet to head

58
Q

Common cause of late deceleration?

A

cord compression

59
Q

Time frame for postpartum blues?

A

peak 3-4 days, resolving by day 8

60
Q

Difference between preterm and postterm babies?

A

preterm- more vernix caseosa, more hair

postterm- cord dries up, creases on foot

61
Q

Normal magnesium level? When is it toxic?

A

4-7 normal

>8 is toxic

62
Q

What should women with nipple pain do?

A

breast milk on their nipples and let it air dry

63
Q

When does menstruation returns for BREAST feeding mother?

A

3 months- 1 year

64
Q

When does menstruation returns for BOTTLE feeding mother?

A

6-8 weeks

65
Q

What is a nursing implication for an episiotomy?

A

ice the area

66
Q

What is the difference between a hematoma and vacuuming (Caput Succedaneum) a newborn?

A

vacuum will cross the suture line, whereas a hematoma will not

67
Q

What would be our first indication of a shoulder dysplasia?

A

listen to hear a click

68
Q

3 discharge teaching instructions for umbilical cord care?

A
  1. do not use alcohol
  2. let it air dry
  3. put diaper below umbilical cord
69
Q

What is going to be bigger, the head or the chest?

A

the head is about 2 cm bigger than the chest

70
Q

What are two things we are immediately concerned about after birth?

A

airway/breathing and thermoregulation

71
Q

What kind of stool will FORMULA fed babies have?

A

yellow, yellow-greenish, greenish, loose, pasty, formed, unpleasant odor
*depending on the type of formula

72
Q

what kind of stool will BREAST feed babies have?

A

yellow-gold, loose, and stringy to pasty in consistency, sour smelling

73
Q

What is the difference between HELLP, preeclampsia, and eclampsia?

A

preeclampsia- treated with magnesium, protein in the urine
eclampsia- seizures
HELLP- no clinical signs, just lab findings

74
Q

What is uterine inversion and how is it fixed?

A

uterus turns inside out

fixed with surgery

75
Q

Before they induce someone, what assessment is done?

A

bishop score

76
Q

When is it considered late postpartum hemorrhage?

A

After 6 weeks.

77
Q

How does the weight of the baby fluctuate?

A

In the first week the baby looses about 10% of total body weight. Then the baby starts gaining weight again, and at 6 months the baby should be double birth weight.

78
Q

What vaccine don’t we give mothers?

A

TB.

79
Q

What is subinvolution?

A

The failure of the uterus to reconstruct after birth leading to hemorrhage.

80
Q

Can you breastfeed with mastitis?

A

Yes.

81
Q

What is the benefit of using oxytocin?

A

Aids in uterine contractions.

82
Q

WHY is Rhogam given?

A

To prevent cell insensitivity.

83
Q

At what stage are you at greatest risk for hemorrhage?

A

4th stage.

84
Q

Whats the difference between 3rd and 4th degree lacerations?

A

3rd- Tears down through muscle, to the anal sphincter.

4th- Tears through anal sphincter to anus.

85
Q

What are examples of DIC?

A

Petechia, bleeding, and bruising.

86
Q

What is Babinski’s reflex? (Plantar in adults)

A

Baby’s toes flare up when foot is stroked.

87
Q

S&S of infant respiratory distress?

A

Nasal flare, Increased HR, Shivers due to lack of brown fat.

88
Q

S&S of a women with pulmonary embolism?

A

SOB, absent lung sounds, tachycardic, weakness, diaphoretic.

89
Q

What is the favored pelvic shape?

A

Gynecoid.

OB Final (1 decks)

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