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PEDI/OB > OB Exam 1 > Flashcards

OB Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Gravidity

A

Number of pregnancies

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2
Q

Parity

A

Number of pregnancies reaching 20 weeks

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3
Q

Preterm and late preterm

A

20 weeks 0 days to 37 weeks 0 days

34 weeks 0 days to 38 weeks 6 days

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4
Q

Early Term

A

37 weeks to 38 weeks 6 days

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5
Q

Full term

A

39 weeks to 40 weeks 6 days

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6
Q

Late term

A

41 weeks 0 days to 41 weeks 6 days

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7
Q

Post Term

A

Beyond 42 weeks gestation

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8
Q

What is the earliest biomarker for pregnancy

A

Human chorionic gonadrotropin (hCG)

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9
Q

What can higher levels of hCG be associated with?

A

Abnormal gestation such as down syndrome or multiple gestation

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10
Q

What can lower levels of hCG be associated with?

A

Indicate an impending miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy

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11
Q

When can you first palpate the fundus?

A

12-14 weeks above the symphysis pubis

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12
Q

When does the fundus rise to the umbilicus

A

20 weeks

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13
Q

What is lightening?

A

When the fetus begins to descend into the pelvis between 38-40 weeks

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14
Q

Hegar’s Sign

A

Softening and compressibility of lower uterine segment around week 6

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15
Q

When do braxton hicks begin to happen?

A

After 4 months

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16
Q

Goodell sign

A

Softening of uterine tip

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17
Q

Increased friability

A

tissue is damaged easily

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18
Q

Ballottement

A

passive movement of unengaged fetus

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19
Q

Quickening

A

First recognition of fetal movements

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20
Q

Chadwick sign

A

Blue-violet vaginal mucosa and cervix from increased vascularity

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21
Q

Leukorrhea

A

White or greyish discharge

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22
Q

What increases the risk for yeast growth?

A

Higher glycogen levels

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23
Q

Stretch marks

A

Striae gravidarum

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24
Q

What causes supine hypotension?

A

Compression of vena cava when lying flat on back

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25
Q

What causes dependent edema, varicose veins, and hemorrhoids?

A

Compression of iliac veins and inferior vena cava by uterus

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26
Q

When do WBC increase?

A

During the second trimester and through delivery

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27
Q

What does increased vascularity cause in the mother?

A

Congestion, epistaxis, and changes to voice

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28
Q

What causes the increased susceptibility to UTIs?

A

Urine held in pelvis and ureters, slowed urine flow

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29
Q

Melisma

A

Mask of pregnancy: Blotchy brownish hyperpigmentation of skin over cheeks, nose, and forehead

30
Q

Linea nigra

A

Line extending from symphis pubis to top of fundus

31
Q

Angiomatas

A

Vascular spiders. Result from increased blood flow to skin

32
Q

Palmar erythema

A

Pinkish red well defined blotches over palmar surfaces

33
Q

Viability

A

Capacity to live outside the uterus. There is no clear limits of gestational age or weight. Threshold 22-25 weeks

34
Q

Presumptive signs of pregnancy

A 
Period absent (amenorrhea)
Really tired (fatigue)
Enlarged breast
Sore breast
Urination increases
Movement perceived (Quickening)
Emesis/nausea
35
Q

Probable signs of pregnancy

A

Positive pregnancy test
Return of fetus when uterus pushed with fingers (Ballottement)
Outline of fetus palpated
Braxton Hick’s Contractions
A softening of the cervix tip (Goodell sign)
Bluish color of vulva/vagina/cervix (Chadwick sign)
Lower uterine segment soft (Hegar sign)
Enlarged uterus

36
Q

Positive signs of pregnancy

A

Fetal heart tones
Delivery of a baby
Ultrasound of a baby

37
Q

Physiologic anemia of pregnancy

A

Result of hemodilution (plasma increase > RBC increase) = low H&H count

38
Q

PEP/PUPP

A

Pruritis. Itchy, uncomfortable rash that will last all 40 weeks

39
Q

Changes in abdominal muscles

A

Diactasis recti

40
Q

What results due to edema of peripheral nerves?

A

Carpal tunnel

41
Q

PICA

A

nonfood cravings

42
Q

Pyrosis

A

Heartburn as a result of decreased tone and motility of smooth muscles

43
Q

Maternal morality

A

Number of deaths per 100,000 live births. This is preventable with improved access and prenatal care services

44
Q

Maternal morbidity

A

High-risk pregnancy, acute renal failure, sepsis, and stroke

45
Q

Importance of prenatal period

A

Preparing for birth, influencing health of family, and health promotion interventions

46
Q

How long is pregnancy and how many trimesters?

A

9 months, 280 days, 3 trimesters each 13 weeks

47
Q

Stages of maternal adaptation

A 
Accepting the pregnancy
Identifying with the mother role
Reordering personal relationships
Establishing a relationship with the fetus
      Phase 1: I am pregnant
      Phase 2: I am going to have a baby
      Phase 3: I am going to be a mother
Preparing for birth
48
Q

Paternal adaptation

A

Accepting the pregnancy
Announcement phase- few hours to few weeks where father accepts biologic fact of pregnancy
Moratorium phase- adjusting to the reality of pregnancy
Focusing phase- last trimester, active involvement in pregnancy, building relationship with child
Identifying with the father role
Reordering personal relationships
Establishing a relationship with the fetus
Preparing for the birth

49
Q

Goal of prenatal care

A

Promote health and well-being of pregnant woman

50
Q

Reasons prenatal care are inaccessible

A 
Poverty, lack of health insurance
Lack of culturally sensitive care and communication barriers
Lack of transportation
Inconvenient clinic hours
Personal and cultural beliefs
51
Q

Prenatal interview

A

Reason for seeking care, current pregnancy, OB history (G’s & P’s and STI history), Medications being taken, nutritional history, history of drug and herbal preparation use, family history, social, experimental, and occupational history, mental health screening, intimate partner violence (Often begins during pregnancy)

52
Q

Lab test

A

H&H (anemia and baseline)
Blood type (Rh incompatibility or ABO incompatibility)
Rubella titer
Chlamydia (done first visit)
GBS (done at 35 to 37 weeks)
RPR/VDRL (first visit; screening for syphilis)
HIV
Hep B surface antigen
1hr and 3hr glucose testing
Urine (trace albumin and protein is expected but increased levels could indicate preeclampsia, glucose indicates gestational diabetes)

53
Q

Weight gain

A

2 to 4 lbs in first trimester
1lb per week
Total of 25 to 35 lbs during entire pregnancy

54
Q

Frist trimester education

A

Discomfort usually subsides after 13 weeks; plan rest periods; can still travel but ensure frequent movement to prevent DVT

55
Q

Second trimester education

A

Dental hygiene need to be maintained due to gum hypertrophy

56
Q

Third trimester education

A

Attending birth classes, return of urinary frequency; positioning with pillow, expect round ligament pain

57
Q

Teenagers prenatal care

A

Don’t get access to prenatal care, more likely to smoke, increased risk for newborn including preterm birth, chorioamnionitis, and inadequate weight gain

58
Q

+35 years prenatal care

A

Increased risk for preexisting conditions such as diabetes and HTN
Increased risk for miscarriage, cesarean section, and pregnancy related mortality

59
Q

Multifetal pregnancies prenatal care

A

Increased risk for adverse outcomes, premature birth, more frequent visits, changes to weight gain and nutritional needs, and increased stressors such as finances, space and workload

60
Q

Folic acid needs

A

400 mcg during prenatal period

600 mcg during pregnancy

61
Q

Why is nutrition important during pregnancy

A

Development of placenta, increased blood volume and metabolic rate, and increased energy needs

62
Q

Proteins needed during pregnancy

A

25 g/day for 71 g total

63
Q

Iron needs during pregnancy

A

27 mg/day total

64
Q

Foods to avoid

A

Raw lunch meats, raw eggs, and fish high in mercury

65
Q

How to prevent nausea/vomiting and heartburn

A

Small meals that are low in fat, eat crackers in morning before getting out of bed, avoid spicy foods, don’t take iron on an empty stomach, and small glasses of water

66
Q

Risk if mom is underweight

A

Preterm labor, low birth weight infants, IUGR (intrauterine growth restrictions)

67
Q

Risk if mom is overweight

A

Preeclampsia, gestation DM, macrosomia, cepholopelvis disproportion, wounds, postpartum hemorrhage, miscarriages, congenital/growth abnormalities

68
Q

Classifications of BMI

A

Underweight: <18.5
Normal: 18.5 to 24.9
Overweight : 25 to 29.9
Obese: >30

69
Q

What increases absorption of iron

A

Vitamin C (citrus fruits, tomatoes, strawberries)

70
Q

What decreases absorption of iron

A

Bran, tea, coffee, milk, oxalate (in spinach) and egg yolk

PEDI/OB (1 decks)

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