OB Exam 1 Flashcards
relationship of presenting part to quadrants of maternal pelvis
fetal position
How far along are you by your first missed period?
Already 4 week pregnant
life-threatening heart disease, neurologic disease
Tertiary Syphilis
embryo -> uterus
donor embryo IVF
Days 15-28 (through day 28 of a 28 cycle)
Luteal Phase
Suppress LH output as it rises
estrogen and progesterone
maternal emotional response of being unsure
ambivalence
transverse or longitudinal
fetal lie
number of people who have died over a specific period
mortality
VDRL and RPR
prenatal test for syphilis
Nageles Rule
-First day of LMP
-Subtract 3 months
-Add 7 days
second most reported infection in the US
Gonorrhea
Goodell’s sign
softening of cervix
dent around uterus that is felt
Hegar’s sign
menstrual related
meno
Day 14 (of a 28 days cycle)
Ovulation
TORCHes definition
Toxoplasmosis, Other infections, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, HSV, Syphilis
maternal emotional response of being nervous and attempting to accept/ hide inside
introversion
favorable pelvic shape for vaginal delivery
Gynecoid
how do you prevent neural tube defects
an additional 400 mcg/day of folic acid for women of childbearing age (start before conception)
2 layers of the amniotic sack
chorion - outer layer
amnion- under chorion later
vertex or breech presents
longitudinal fetal lie
regular uterine contractions with cervical effacement and dilation between 20 and 37 weeks gestation
Pre-term labor
donor egg + sperm -> uterus
donor ooctye IVF
VEAL CHOP
Variable-Cord compression
Early-Head Compression
Accelerations-Optimal
Late-Placental Insufficiency
egg + sperm fertilized outside -> uterus
embryo IVF
A pregnant women
Gravida
without, none
oligo
endometriosis
inner inflammation
hours following delivery (hours vary)
Fourth stage of labor
mothers egg + donor sperm -> uterus
therapeutic donor insemination
hormones developed during pregnancy
-human chorionic gonadotropic (hCG)
-human placental lactogen (hPL)
- 7 or 8cm to complete 10cm
-contractions (intense, every 1-3 min, last 60-90 sec)
First stage: Transition
fluctuation range observed at <5 beats per minute
minimal variability
the number of preterm pregnancies ending >20 weeks or viability but before completion of 37 weeks
P (preterm births)
first-line antihypertensive for pre-eclampsia
Labetalol
recurrent lifelong viral infection with no cure
genital herpes
fluctuation range from 6-25 beats per minute
moderate (normal) variability
rises during pregnancy about 10x (prevents pre-term labor and contractions
Progesterone (pro-gestation)
what can make the ductus arteriosus stay open if given after 32 weeks
Indomethacin (can be used to decrease fetal urinary output)
number of infant deaths (in first 12 months)/1,000 live births
infant mortality rate
POOF
P: change maternal POSITION (not back)
O: OXYGEN (to mom-10L)
O: OXYTOCIN off
F: increase IV FLUIDS
Menstrual cycle: days 1-13 (day 1 through ovulation approximately days 10-14)
follicular phase
couple sperm + egg -> implanted in carrier
gestational carrier
enhancing ineffective contraction after labor has begun
augmentation
> / 5g in 24-hour urine specimen
proteinuria
number of children currently living
L (living children)
have above-then develop proteinuria after 20 weeks and severe hypertension
pre-eclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension
shows us things are getting ready for labor
Fetal fibronectin (FFN)
the number of pregnancies ending before 20 weeks or viability
A (abortions)
leading cause of life-threatening perinatal infections in the US
Group B Strep
Food, cat liter, or blood transfusions may cause this- treatment: Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim
Toxoplasmosis
new onset of HTN and proteinuria after 20 weeks in normotensive
Pre-eclampsia
antidote for magnesium sulfate
Calcium gluconate
more dangerous in 1st 12 weeks: birth defects triad (petechial rash, heart defects, and cataracts)
Rubella
amniotic fluid <500mL
oligohydramnios
painful period
dysmenorrhea
Length of pregnancy?
40 weeks
After 28 days of life - first 12 months
Infant
preexisiting or before 20 weeks and persists longer than 12 weeks postpartum
Chronic Hypertension
number of fetal deaths (20 weeks or older)/1,000 live births
fetal mortality
diagnosing pre-eclampsia
-at least 2 readings 6 hours apart
-greater then or equal to systolic 140 and diastolic 90
the number of pregnancies ending >37 weeks gestation, at term
T (term births)
iosis
inflammation
most common viral infection in the US
HPV
most common ectopic pregnancy
Ampular
Begins menstrual cycle. Stimulates follicle to produce estrogen. Ovulation occurs after surge as it damages the estrogen producing cells. Surge also establishes the corpus luteum.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
what does HELLP stand for? (related to preeclampsia)
-Hemolysis
-Elevated Liver enzymes
-Low Platelets
connects the main pulmonary artery to the aorta (bypasses the lungs)
ductus arteriosus
true labor to complete cervical dilation
First stage of labor
annual number of deaths from any cause during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination/100,000 live births (rates highest in African American women)
maternal mortality rate
blueish/purple discoloration of cervix
Chadwicks sign
abdominal pain with spotting 6-8 week after menses
ectopic pregnancy
helps babies lungs mature
betamethasone
-0-3 or 4cm
-contractions (milder, shorter 20-50 sec, less frequent 5-20 min)
First Stage:Early/Latent
placenta previa: covers os
complete/total
First 28 days after birth
Neonatal
curable bacterial infection cause by spirochete Treponema pallidum
syphilis
egg + mobile sperm -> fallopian tube
gamete IVF
surrogate egg + fathers sperm -> uterus of surrogate
surrogate
difficult birth
dystocia
positive NST
15 beats above baseline for 15 seconds-need 2 of them in a 20 minute period
- 3 or 4 cm-7 or 8 cm
-contractions (stronger, longer 60-70 sec, every 3-5 min)
First Stage: Active
anatomic opening between the right and left atrium (bypasses right ventricle)
foramen ovale
stimulating contractions via medical or surgical means
induction
HTN without proteinuria
gestational hypertension
a women who has produced one or more viable offspring carrying a pregnancy 20 weeks or more
Para
Chancre, painless bilateral adenopathy
primary syphilis
most common bacterial STI in the US (majority asymptomatic)-leading cause of infertility
Chlamydia
produces estrogen and progesterone
corpus luteum
birth of infant to placental separation (placental separation and placental expulsion)
Third Stage of labor (around 5-10 min or 30 min)
shoulder presents
transverse fetal lie
amniotic fluid >2,000 mL
hydramnios (polyhydramnios)
development of gran mal seizures with pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension
eclampsia
hPL, hCS, estrogen, progesterone, chorionic gonadotropin (stimulates corpus luteum), prolactin, and relaxin
Hormone produced by the placenta
placenta previa: lower border is 3cm from os
marginal
what two hormones cause heartburn in pregnancy
relaxin and progesterone
spreads via GI tract
hepatitis A
spread via saliva, blood, semen, menstrual blood, and vaginal secretions
Hepatitis B
Five P’s
-Passageway
-Passenger
-Powers
-Position
-Psychological response
number of infant deaths (in first 28 days)/1,000 live births
neonatal mortality rate
absence of manifestations, positive serology
Latency syphilis
flu-like symptoms, rash on trunk, palms, and soles, alopecia, adenopathy
Secondary syphilis
rupture of membranes in women less than 37 weeks gestation
PPROM
cervix 10 cm dilated to birth of baby
Stage 2 of labor
SAVE Model
-Caring for abused women
-S=screen all
-A=ask direct question (nonjudgmental, normalize, don’t lead)
-V=validate (no blame, she is brave)
-E=evaluate and educate (is she in danger, resources, consequences for violence)
below linea terminalis
true pelvis
division of false and true pelvis
Linea terminalis
placenta previa: within 3 cm of os
partial
fluctuation range >25 beats per minute
marked
above linea terminalis
False pelvis
within, inner
endo
Best way to help vena cava syndrome
side-lying position
flow
rhea
pain
dys
only breech deliveries that can deliver vaginally
Frank (kinda folded in half)
baseline FHR range
110-160 bpm
Infertility for people 35 or older
inability to conceive for greater than 6 months (geriatric pregnancy)
normal weight gain in pregnancy
25-35 lbs
relation of the fetal parts to one another
fetal attitude (good attitude is when the baby is nice and scrunched up)
excess or abnormal
Rhagia
emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention
healthy people 2030
increases steadily throughout pregnancy
estrogen
connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava (bypasses the liver)
ductus venosus
prevents seizures
Magnesium Sulfate
fluctuation range undetectable
absent variability
ABCDES
-Caring for abused women
-A=reassure not ALONE
-B=BELIEF it is not acceptable
-C=CONFIDENTIALITY (worried about retaliation)
-D=DOCUMENTATION (clear, quotes, accurate, photos)
-E=EDUCATION (about cycle and it will escalate; posters)
-S=SAFETY (most important intervention; resources and a plan for when SHE decides)
