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OB Registry-Penny Questions > OB Chapters > Flashcards

OB Chapters Flashcards

1
Q

What is anopthalmia?

A

absence of eyes- this results from the failure of the optic vesicle to form

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2
Q

What syndromes are anopthalmia linked to?

A

Trisomy 13, 18

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3
Q

lots of distance between eyes

A

hypertelorism

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4
Q

o Commonly seen with anterior cephalocele displacing the orbits laterally

A

hypertelorism

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5
Q

closely spaced eyes

A

Hypotelorism

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6
Q

o Most commonly seen with holoprosencephaly and trisomy 13.

A

Hypotelorism

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7
Q

• At the level of the eyes, we can measure

A

o Ocular diameter- lateral wall of orbit to medial of orbit
o Interocular diameter- length between orbits
o Binocular diameter- length of lateral margin of one eye to lateral to other

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8
Q

The lips typically close by weeks

A

7-8

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9
Q

The palate closes by week

A

12

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10
Q

Cleft lip and palate are often seen with what disorders?

A

holoprosencephaly, trisomy 13, and amniotic band

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11
Q

What is macroglossia associated with?

A

Beckwith-Wiedmann Syndrome and Downs

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12
Q

oral teratoma- often complex

A

Epignathus

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13
Q

Micrognathia- small mandible and recessed chin is associated with

A

Seen with Trisomy 13/18

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14
Q

What is a cystic hygroma?

A

abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue.

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15
Q

What is cystic hygromas associated with?

A

Seen with Turner, fetal hydrops, aneuploidy, Trisomy 13, 18, 21

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16
Q

An increased nuchal fold is often associated with?

A

Down syndrome

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17
Q

What level should the nuchal fold be measured?

A

o Taken at the level of the CSP (cavum). Measure from occipital bone-skin.

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18
Q

Nuchal fold is measured at

A

15-19 weeks

19
Q

Nuchal Translucency is measured at

A

11-14 weeks

20
Q

Signs and symptoms of Holoprosencephaly

A
  • Hypotelorism-reduced distance between eyes
  • Cebocephaly-nose with single nostril
  • Cyclopia-fusion of orbits
  • Cleft Lip
  • Ethomocephaly-no nose, proboscis
21
Q

Name the 5 parts of the spine in order from neck to tailbone

A
  1. Cervical
  2. Thoracic
  3. Lumbar
  4. Sacrum
  5. Coccyx
22
Q

Name 3 Neural tube defects

A

spina bifida, anencephaly, and cephalocele

23
Q

When a patient has an elevated Maternal Serum Alpha-fetoprotein, what 4 disorders are associated?

A

omphalocele, gastroschisis, fetal death, and multiple gestations

24
Q

produced by yolk sac, fetal GI tract and liver, if AFP exits fetus thru an opening, thus the greater amount to pass into maternal circulation. making this lab elevated

A

Alphafetoprotein

25
Q

The lower on spine the more greater the neurological damage of spina bifida

True or False

A

false the HIGHER on the spine the greater damage.

26
Q

Sonographic findings for Spina Bifida

A
  • Lemon sign- scalloping of frontal bones
  • Banana sign-The cerebellum gets displaced inferiorly and posteriorly.
  • No cisterna magna
  • Enlarged lateral ventricles
  • ELEVATED MSAFP with Aperta
27
Q

Whats the difference between spina bifida occulta and aperta?

A

Aperta is an open defect and occulta is closed defect of spina bifida—– Think of occulta-like halt and aperta means open in spanish :)

28
Q

 No herniation of spinal contents outside spinal column

 After born, can be diagnosed if sacral dimple, hemangioma or more hair is seen.

A

Spina Bifida Occulta

29
Q

Spina Bifida containing meninges

A

Meningocele- part of aperta

30
Q

Spina Bifida containing meninges and nerve roots

A

meningomyelocele

31
Q

abnormal lateral curvature, appears as S shaped

A

scoliosis

32
Q

abnormal posterior curvature of spine

Often seen with hemivertebrae, myelomeningoceles, amniotic band syndrome, and limb-body wall complex, and VACTERL

A

kyphosis

33
Q

What would you suspect if you see a fetus that is close to placenta with marked scoliosis and a short umbilical cord

A

Limb-Body Wall Complex

34
Q

Signs and symptoms of Limb-Body wall complex

A

Short or absent umbilical cord

ventral wall defects,

limb defects,

craniofacial defects,

scoliosis,

exencephaly (brain outside of head) ,

encephalocele (sac-like protrusions of the brain)

35
Q

What happens if both parents are dwarfs and the child has both their type of achondroplasia

A

FATAL called homozygous

36
Q

difference in BPD and FL around 24 weeks, micromelia (shortened limb), macrocrania, frontal bossing, flattened nasal bridge and trident hand.

A

Achondroplasia

37
Q

rare LETHAL condition-

absent mineralization of skeletal bones.

deficiency in ossifaction of spine, pelvic and cranium.

Sonographically- severe limb shortening, rib fractures, and polyhydramnios

A

Achondrogensis

38
Q

brittle bone disease- multiple fractures-poor ossification and decreased mineralization-

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

39
Q

most severe and fatal. Bell shaped chest, decreased movement, skull demineralization, and the soft skull can be disorted.

Which type of osteogensis imperfecta is this?

A

Type 2- fatal.

40
Q

sacral agenesis and coccyx. Diabetes has ^association. Sometimes clubbed feet is seen

A

Caudal Regression Syndrome

think caudal sacral kinda rhyme also caudal/club feet/coccyx all start with C

41
Q

cloverleaf skull

frontal bossing

hydrocephalus.

The thoracic and AC will be unalike, narrow thorax (bell shaped chest)

hypoplasia of the lungs,

the abdomen will be big

A

Thanatophoric Dysplasia

42
Q

Club foot is also called

A

talipes euinovarus

43
Q

sticky bands result from rupture of the amnion and can entrap fetal parts and cause amputation of digits, limbs, and skull, and lead to facial clefting.

A

Amniotic Band syndrome

44
Q

uncommon, absence or hypoplasia of the radius

Seen in Trisomy 13, 18, and VACTERL

A

Radial Ray Defect

OB Registry-Penny Questions (2 decks)

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