OB Ch 52 WB

Question 1

A patient who will be 35 or older at the time of delivery is described as ________.

Answer 1

advanced maternal age

Question 2

In the 1st trimester, testing is performed by looking for the pattern of biochemical markers associated with plasma protein A and free **BHCG3. These laboratory values are used in conjunction with an ultrasound (performed between 11-14 w) to measure the ________ translucency.

Answer 2

nuchal

Question 3

2nd trimester screening can be performed with the maternal serum ________ screen laboratory value and a targeted ultrasound examination.

Answer 3

quad

Question 4

A detailed evaluation of all fetal anatomy that can be seen at the time between 18 and 20 w gestation is the ________ sonogram.

Answer 4

targeted

Question 5

A condition in which excessive fluid accumulates within the fetal body cavities is ________.

Answer 5

hydrops fetalis

Question 6

Excessive fluid accumulation may result in ________, ________, ________, ________, ________, or ________.

Answer 6

anasarca, ascities, pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, placenta edema, poly.

Question 7

Any substance that elicits an immunologic response, such as production of an antibody to that substance is an ________.

Answer 7

antigen

Question 8

Sonographic findings of hydrops are ________ edema, ________ effusion, ________ effusion, ________, ________ and ________.

Answer 8

scalp, pleural, pericardial, ascities, poly, thickening

Question 9

A procedure in which a needle is placed into the fetal umbilical vein and a blood sample obtained is ________.

Answer 9

cordocentesis

Question 10

Infants with________ are at increased risk for intracerebal hemorrhage in utero and spontaneous bleeding.

Answer 10

thrombocytopenia

Question 11

A group of conditions in which hydrops is present in the fetus but is not a result of fetomaternal blood group incompatibility is ________.

Answer 11

nonimmune hydrops

Question 12

Cardiovascular lesions are often the most frequent causes of NIH. Congestive heart failure may results from ________ cardiac problems, such as dysrhythmias, tachycardias, and myocardiotis, and from ________ anomalies, such as hypoplastic left heart and other types of congenital heart disease.

Answer 12

functional, structral

Question 13

If glucose levels are very high and uncontrolled, the fetus may also become ________.

Answer 13

macrosomic

Question 14

If delivery of a macrosomic infant is attempted vaginally, the physician may have difficultly delivering the shoulders of the baby after the head has delivered. This is termed ________.

Answer 14

shoulder dystocia

Question 15

Anomalies associated with diabetes include congenital heart and neural tube defect. The most common cardiac problems in the diabetic fetus include ________ and ________.

Answer 15

transportation of the great arteries, tetralogy of fallot

Question 16

Caudal regression syndrome (lack of development of the caudal spine and cord) is seen almost exclusively in ________ individuals.

Answer 16

diabetic

Question 17

Hypertensive pregnancies may be associated with ________ placentas because of the effects of hypertension on the blood vessels.

Answer 17

small

Question 18

The occurrence of seizures or coma in preeclamptic patient is representative of ________.

Answer 18

eclampsia

Question 19

A chronic autoimmune disorder that can affect almost all organ systems in the body is ________.

Answer 19

systemic lopus erthymateous

Question 20

________ exists when a pregnant women vomits so much that she develops dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

Answer 20

Hyperemesis gravidium

Question 21

Describes the combination of effects that may cause hydronephrosis.

Answer 21

Progestrone has a dilatory effect on the smooth muscle of the ureter and the enlarged uterus compresses the ureters at the pelvic brim - hydronephrosis

Question 22

Intrauterine fetal death accounts for roughly ________ of all perinatal mortality.

Answer 22

1/2

Question 23

Fetal heart tones should be heard with Doppler at approximately ________ w gestation.

Answer 23

10-12

Question 24

At 20 w gestation, the uterine fundal height should have risen to the umbilicus, and the uterus should measure approximately ________ cm above the symphysis pubis.

Answer 24

20

Question 25

The mother should also perceive fetal movements on a daily basis beginning between ________ w gestation.

Answer 25

16 + 20

Question 26

List five sonographic findings that are associated with fetal death

Answer 26

absent heart beat, absent fetal movement, overlpa of skull bones, exaggrated curvature of fetal spine, and gas in the fetal abdomen

Question 27

The mother with a multiple gestation is at increased risk for obstetric complications, such as ________, ________ bleeding, and ________ cord.

Answer 27

eclampsia, 3rd trimester, prolapse

Question 28

A twin has a ________ times greater chance of perinatal death than a singleton fetus.

Answer 28

5

Question 29

During the first trimester, multiple pregnancy can be identified by visualizing more than one ________ sac within the uterus.

Answer 29

gestation

Question 30

________ twins arise from two separately fertilized ova. Each ovum implants separately in the uterus and develops its own placenta, chorion, and amniotic sac (________,________)

Answer 30

Dizygotic, diamniotic, dichorionic

Question 31

Identical or ________ twins arise from a single fertilized egg, which divides, resulting in two genetically identical fetuses.

Answer 31

monozygotic

Question 32

Depending on whether the fertilized egg divides ________ or ________, there may be one or two placentas, chorions, and amniotic sac.

Answer 32

early, late

Question 33

If division occurs ________ 0 to 4 days post conception, two amnions and two chorions.

Answer 33

early

Question 34

If division occurs ________ days, one chorion and two amniotic sacs (mono, di) will be present

Answer 34

4-8

Question 35

If division occurs after 8 days, two fetuses will be present but only one chorion and one amnion is ________, ________

Answer 35

mono, mono

Question 36

If division occurs after 13 days, the division may be incomplete and ________ twins may be a result.

Answer 36

conjoined

Question 37

Stuck twin syndrome, or ________ sequency, is characterized by a diamnotic pregnancy with poly in one sac and severe oligo and a smaller twin in the other sac.

Answer 37

poly oli

Question 38

By definition, a rare anomaly occurring in monochorionic twins in which one twin develops without a heart and often with absence of the upper half of the body is ________ anomaly.

Answer 38

acardiac

Question 39

Twin-twin transfusion syndrome exists when an ________ shunt is placed within the placenta

Answer 39

arteriovenous

Question 40

When scanning multiple gestation, the sonographer should always attempt to determine whether one or two ________ sacs are present by locating the membrane that separates the sacs.

Answer 40

amniotic

Question 41

It is important to keep in mind that a fetus from a multiple gestation is usually ________ than a singleton fetus.

Answer 41

smaller

Question 42

No flow and ________ flow during diastole are signs of fetal jeopardy that may prompt the obstetrician to do further fetal well-being testing or even deliver the fetuses.

Answer 42

reverse

Question 43

anasarca

Answer 43

severe generalized massive edema often seen with fetal hydrops

Question 44

caudal regression syndrome

Answer 44

lack of development of the caudal spine and cord that may occur in the fetus of a diabetic mother

Question 45

conjoined twins

Answer 45

occur when division of the egg occurs after 13 days

Question 46

dizygotic

Answer 46

twins that arise from two separately fertilized ova

Question 47

eclampsia

Answer 47

coma and seizures in the 2nd and 3rd patient secondary to pregnancy- induced hypertension

Question 48

fetus papyracceus

Answer 48

fetal death that occurs after the fetus has reached a certain growth that is too large to resorb into the uterus

Question 49

hydrops fetalis

Answer 49

fluid occuring in at least two areas; pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, ascites, or skin edema

Question 50

hyperemesis gravidarum

Answer 50

excessive vomiting that leads to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Question 51

MSFAP

Answer 51

antigen present in the fetus

Question 52

Maternal serum quad screen

Answer 52

blood test conducted during the second trimester to identify pregnancys at hig