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Med Surg & OB > OB CH: 3 & 4 > Flashcards

OB CH: 3 & 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe vulva

A

protects urethral & vaginal openings

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2
Q

Mons pubis

A

elevated, round fleshy prominence over the symphysis pubis.

protects the symphysis pubis during sexual intercourse.

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3
Q

Labia

A

function is to protect the vaginal opening.

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4
Q

Labia Majora

A

contains sweat & sebaceous glands

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5
Q

Labia Minora

A

lubricate vulva and swell to stimulation

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6
Q

Vestibule

A

oval area enclosed by labia minora

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7
Q

Clitoris

A

small cylindrical mass of erectile tissue & nerves.
located at the anterior junction of the labia minora.
function is sexual stimulation

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8
Q

Perineum

A

is the most posterior part of the external female reproductive organs. between the vulva and the anus.

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9
Q

menstruation

A

inner lining of uterus(endometrium) is expelled by the body

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10
Q

manarche

A

start of menstruation

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11
Q

MENSTRUAL CYCLE:
cycle length
duration of flow
amount of blood loss

A
  • Cycle length: 21 to 36days
  • Duration of flow: 3 to 7days
  • 1 to 2.5 ounces blood loss for each cycle (about 1 to 3 teaspoons)
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12
Q

PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
what happens?
when?

A

enlargement of the endometrial glands in response to increasing amounts of estrogen.
The blood vessels become dilated and the endometrium increases in thickness
starts on day 5 of the menstrual cycle and lasts to the time of ovulation.

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13
Q

Secretory phase

A

The secretory phase begins at ovulation to about 3days before the next menstrual period.
This phase typically lasts from day 15 (after ovulation) to day 28 and coincides with the luteal phase
of the ovarian cycle.

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14
Q

Ischemic phase

A

begins if fertilization does not occur.
Estrogen and progesterone levels drop sharply
Ischemia leads to shedding of the endometrium down to the basal layer, and menstrual flow begins.

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15
Q

Menstrual Phase

A

begins as the spiral arteries rupture, releasing blood into the uterus,
and the sloughing of the endometrial lining begins.

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16
Q

Gonadotropin- Releasing Hormone
secreted from
purpose

A

Hypothalamus

Induces release of FSH & LH

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17
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone
secreted from
purpose

A

Anterior pituitary gland

Maturation of the ovarian follicle

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18
Q

Lutenizing Hormone
secreted from
purpose

A

Anterior pituitiary gland

Regulates function of ovaries

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19
Q

Estrogen
secreted from
purpose

A

Ovaries

Development of follicle

20
Q

Progesterone
secreted from
purpose

A

Corpus luteum

Allows maintenance of pregnany

21
Q

Perimenopausal
length
action

A
  • years (2 to 8years prior to menopause)
  • decreasing estrogen levels,
  • including: vasomotor symptoms of hot flashes, irregular menstrual cycles, sleep disruptions, forgetfulness, irritability, mood disturbances, decreased vaginal lubrication, night sweats, fatigue, vaginal atrophy, and depression
22
Q

Menopause
average age
definition

A
  • universal and irreversible part of the overall aging process involving a woman’s reproductive system
  • after which she no longer menstruates.
  • marks the end of her childbearing capacity.
  • average age of natural menopausal period is 50 to 51years old
  • defined as 1year without a menstrual cycle
23
Q

Internal parts of the penis (3)

A

testes, ductal systems, accessory glans

24
Q

External parts of penis (2)

A

penis & scrotum

25
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of menses during reproductive years

26
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstruation

27
Q

dysfuntional uterine bleeding

A

abnormal bleeding w/ no identifiable anatomic pathology

28
Q

PMS

A

constellation of recurrent symptoms that occur during the luteal phase or last half of the menstrual cycle and resolve with the onset of menstruation

29
Q

Endometriosis

A
  • bits of functioning endometrial tissue are located outside of their normal site, the uterine cavity.
  • This endometrial tissue is commonly found attached to the ovaries, fallopian tubes, the outer surface of the uterus, the bowels, the area between the vagina and the rectum (rectovaginal septum), and the pelvic side wall
30
Q

Infertility

A

the inability to conceive a child after 1year of regular sexual intercourse unprotected by contraception

31
Q

Steps in in vitro fertilization

A

Injectable medications, for 8-14 days to stimulate the ovaries. FSH and LH hormone compromise the medications.

shot of hCG or Lupron to trigger the shot.
Helps eggs mature

Physician removes one or more eggs from the ovaries, the eggs are then fertilized by sperm inside the embryology lab.

32
Q 
COITUS INTERRUPTUS
Description
Failure rate
Pros
Cons
STI protection
A 
withdrawal
27%
No device, no cost
Requires self-control
none
33
Q 
LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA
Description
Failure rate
Pros
Cons
STI protection
A 
Uses lactationl infertility for pregnancy protection
1-2%
No cost
Temporary method
none
34
Q 
CONDOM
Description
Failure rate
Pros
Cons
STI protection
A 
Sheath placed over erect penis to block sperm
15%
Wide access, low cost
Proper use must be instructed
Provides protection
35
Q 
DIAPHRAGM
Description
Failure rate
Pros
Cons
STI protection
A

Shallow latex cup w/ spring to hold in place
16%
No hormone, safe, protects against cervical cancer
Requires accurate fitting, increases UTIs
none

36
Q 
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
Description
Failure rate
Pros
Cons
STI protection
A

Pill that suppresses ovulation by estrogen & progestin
8%
Easy to use protects against ovarian & endometrial cancer
Must take daily of ineffective
none

37
Q 
DEPO PROVERA
Description
Failure rate
Pros
Cons
STI protection
A 
Injectable progestin, inhibits ovulation
3%
Long duration, can be used w/ lactation
Menstrual irregularities, weight gain
none
38
Q 
INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVES
Description
Failure rate
Pros
Cons
STI protection
A 
T-shaped device inserted in uterus
1%
Used w/ lactation, return fertility not impaired
Professional insertion, amenorrhea 
none
39
Q

TUBAL LITATION

A

A laparoscope is inserted through a small sub-umbilical incision to provide a view of the fallopian tubes. They are grasped and sealed with a cauterizing instrument or with rings, bands, or clips or cut and tied

40
Q

VASECTOMY

A

The procedure involves making a small incision into
the scrotum and cutting the vas deferens, which carries
sperm from the testes to the penis

41
Q

Define spinnbarkeit and its importance during ovulation.

A

cervical mucous that can stretch before breaking

changes in consistency during the menstrual cycle and plays a vital role in fertilization of the egg.

42
Q

Using the basal body temperature method for contraception, when should she avoid unprotected
intercourse?

A

the woman should avoid unprotected intercourse until the BBT has been elevated for 3 days.

43
Q

What does ACHES stand for?

A 
A = Abdominal pain may indicate liver or gallbladder problems.
C = Chest pain or shortness of breath may indicate a pulmonary embolus.
H = Headaches may indicate hypertension or impending stroke.
E = Eye problems may indicate hypertension or an attack.
S = Severe leg pain
44
Q

What does PAINS stand for?

A

P = Period late, pregnancy, abnormal spotting or bleeding
A = Abdominal pain, pain with intercourse
I = Infection exposure, abnormal vaginal discharge
N = Not feeling well, fever, chills
S = String length shorter or longer or missing

45
Q

What are the 3 forms of surgical abortion?

A

Vacuum aspiration
Dilation
Evacuation & Induction

46
Q

What 3 drugs are currently used for medical abortions?

A

Methotrexate
Misoprostol
Mifepristone

47
Q

List 3 risk factors for Osteoporosis.

A

Age
Anorexia
Smoking & consuming alcohol

Med Surg & OB (3 decks)

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