OB CH: 3 & 4 Flashcards
Describe vulva
protects urethral & vaginal openings
Mons pubis
elevated, round fleshy prominence over the symphysis pubis.
protects the symphysis pubis during sexual intercourse.
Labia
function is to protect the vaginal opening.
Labia Majora
contains sweat & sebaceous glands
Labia Minora
lubricate vulva and swell to stimulation
Vestibule
oval area enclosed by labia minora
Clitoris
small cylindrical mass of erectile tissue & nerves.
located at the anterior junction of the labia minora.
function is sexual stimulation
Perineum
is the most posterior part of the external female reproductive organs. between the vulva and the anus.
menstruation
inner lining of uterus(endometrium) is expelled by the body
manarche
start of menstruation
MENSTRUAL CYCLE:
cycle length
duration of flow
amount of blood loss
- Cycle length: 21 to 36days
- Duration of flow: 3 to 7days
- 1 to 2.5 ounces blood loss for each cycle (about 1 to 3 teaspoons)
PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
what happens?
when?
enlargement of the endometrial glands in response to increasing amounts of estrogen.
The blood vessels become dilated and the endometrium increases in thickness
starts on day 5 of the menstrual cycle and lasts to the time of ovulation.
Secretory phase
The secretory phase begins at ovulation to about 3days before the next menstrual period.
This phase typically lasts from day 15 (after ovulation) to day 28 and coincides with the luteal phase
of the ovarian cycle.
Ischemic phase
begins if fertilization does not occur.
Estrogen and progesterone levels drop sharply
Ischemia leads to shedding of the endometrium down to the basal layer, and menstrual flow begins.
Menstrual Phase
begins as the spiral arteries rupture, releasing blood into the uterus,
and the sloughing of the endometrial lining begins.
Gonadotropin- Releasing Hormone
secreted from
purpose
Hypothalamus
Induces release of FSH & LH
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
secreted from
purpose
Anterior pituitary gland
Maturation of the ovarian follicle
Lutenizing Hormone
secreted from
purpose
Anterior pituitiary gland
Regulates function of ovaries
Estrogen
secreted from
purpose
Ovaries
Development of follicle
Progesterone
secreted from
purpose
Corpus luteum
Allows maintenance of pregnany
Perimenopausal
length
action
- years (2 to 8years prior to menopause)
- decreasing estrogen levels,
- including: vasomotor symptoms of hot flashes, irregular menstrual cycles, sleep disruptions, forgetfulness, irritability, mood disturbances, decreased vaginal lubrication, night sweats, fatigue, vaginal atrophy, and depression
Menopause
average age
definition
- universal and irreversible part of the overall aging process involving a woman’s reproductive system
- after which she no longer menstruates.
- marks the end of her childbearing capacity.
- average age of natural menopausal period is 50 to 51years old
- defined as 1year without a menstrual cycle
Internal parts of the penis (3)
testes, ductal systems, accessory glans
External parts of penis (2)
penis & scrotum
amenorrhea
absence of menses during reproductive years
dysmenorrhea
painful menstruation
dysfuntional uterine bleeding
abnormal bleeding w/ no identifiable anatomic pathology
PMS
constellation of recurrent symptoms that occur during the luteal phase or last half of the menstrual cycle and resolve with the onset of menstruation
Endometriosis
- bits of functioning endometrial tissue are located outside of their normal site, the uterine cavity.
- This endometrial tissue is commonly found attached to the ovaries, fallopian tubes, the outer surface of the uterus, the bowels, the area between the vagina and the rectum (rectovaginal septum), and the pelvic side wall
Infertility
the inability to conceive a child after 1year of regular sexual intercourse unprotected by contraception
Steps in in vitro fertilization
Injectable medications, for 8-14 days to stimulate the ovaries. FSH and LH hormone compromise the medications.
shot of hCG or Lupron to trigger the shot.
Helps eggs mature
Physician removes one or more eggs from the ovaries, the eggs are then fertilized by sperm inside the embryology lab.
COITUS INTERRUPTUS Description Failure rate Pros Cons STI protection
withdrawal 27% No device, no cost Requires self-control none
LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA Description Failure rate Pros Cons STI protection
Uses lactationl infertility for pregnancy protection 1-2% No cost Temporary method none
CONDOM Description Failure rate Pros Cons STI protection
Sheath placed over erect penis to block sperm 15% Wide access, low cost Proper use must be instructed Provides protection
DIAPHRAGM Description Failure rate Pros Cons STI protection
Shallow latex cup w/ spring to hold in place
16%
No hormone, safe, protects against cervical cancer
Requires accurate fitting, increases UTIs
none
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES Description Failure rate Pros Cons STI protection
Pill that suppresses ovulation by estrogen & progestin
8%
Easy to use protects against ovarian & endometrial cancer
Must take daily of ineffective
none
DEPO PROVERA Description Failure rate Pros Cons STI protection
Injectable progestin, inhibits ovulation 3% Long duration, can be used w/ lactation Menstrual irregularities, weight gain none
INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVES Description Failure rate Pros Cons STI protection
T-shaped device inserted in uterus 1% Used w/ lactation, return fertility not impaired Professional insertion, amenorrhea none
TUBAL LITATION
A laparoscope is inserted through a small sub-umbilical incision to provide a view of the fallopian tubes. They are grasped and sealed with a cauterizing instrument or with rings, bands, or clips or cut and tied
VASECTOMY
The procedure involves making a small incision into
the scrotum and cutting the vas deferens, which carries
sperm from the testes to the penis
Define spinnbarkeit and its importance during ovulation.
cervical mucous that can stretch before breaking
changes in consistency during the menstrual cycle and plays a vital role in fertilization of the egg.
Using the basal body temperature method for contraception, when should she avoid unprotected
intercourse?
the woman should avoid unprotected intercourse until the BBT has been elevated for 3 days.
What does ACHES stand for?
A = Abdominal pain may indicate liver or gallbladder problems. C = Chest pain or shortness of breath may indicate a pulmonary embolus. H = Headaches may indicate hypertension or impending stroke. E = Eye problems may indicate hypertension or an attack. S = Severe leg pain
What does PAINS stand for?
P = Period late, pregnancy, abnormal spotting or bleeding
A = Abdominal pain, pain with intercourse
I = Infection exposure, abnormal vaginal discharge
N = Not feeling well, fever, chills
S = String length shorter or longer or missing
What are the 3 forms of surgical abortion?
Vacuum aspiration
Dilation
Evacuation & Induction
What 3 drugs are currently used for medical abortions?
Methotrexate
Misoprostol
Mifepristone
List 3 risk factors for Osteoporosis.
Age
Anorexia
Smoking & consuming alcohol
