OB 2019 Chapter 3 Flashcards
Affect
Affective component of attitude deals with a person’s feelings toward the person or object
Attitude
A predisposition to respond in a favourable or unfavourable way to objects or persons in one’s enviornement
Attribution Biases
Covers both the fundamental attribution error and the self-serving bias
Attribution Theory
Concerns the process by which an individual interprets events as being caused by a particular part of a relatively stable environment
Components of attitude
Cognitive component - beliefs & ideas about a person or object, affective component - feelings towards person or object, intentional component - behavioural intentions with respect to person or object
Behavioural justification
The need to ensure that one’s behaviours are consistent with their attitudes toward the event
Body language
The manner in which people express their inner feelings subconsciously through physical actions such as sitting up straight versus being relaxed or looking people straight in the eye versus looking away from people
Cognitive consistency
The need for behavioural justification to ensure that a person’s behaviours are consistent with their attitudes towards an event
Cognitive dissonance
Finding one’s self acting in a fashion that is inconsistent with their attitudes and experiencing tension and attempting to reduce this tension and return to a state of cognitive consistency
Dispositional approach
Argues that attitudes represent relatively stable predispositions to respond to people or situations around them
Fundamental attribution error
The tendency to underestimate the effects of external or situational causes of behaviour and to overestimate the effects of internal or personal causes
Halo effect
The influence of positive arbitrary biases
Job involvement
Refers to the extent to which a person is interested in and committed to assigned tasks
Job satisfaction
A pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experience
Organizational commitment
Represents the relative strength of an individual’s identification with and involvement in an organization
Perception
The process by which one screens, selects, organizes, and interprets stimuli to give them meaning
Perceptual defence
A defence that perceives emotionally disturbing or threatening stimuli as having a higher recognition threshold than neutral stimuli. Such stimuli are likely to elicit substitute perceptions that are radically altered so as to prevent recognition of the presented stimuli that arouse emotional reactions even though the stimuli are not recognized.
Perceptual organization
When meaning has been attached to an object, individuals are in a position to determine an appropriate response or reaction to it.
Perceptual selectivity
Refers to the process by which individuals select objects in the environment for attention
Response disposition
The tendency to recognize familiar objects more quickly than unfamiliar ones
Response salience
The tendency to focus on objects that relate to our immediate needs or wants
Selective perception
The process by which we systematically screen out information we don’t wish to hear, focusing instead on more salient information
Self-serving bias
The tendency for individuals to attribute success on an event or project to their own actions while attributing failure to others
Situational approach
This approach argues that attitudes emerge as a result of the uniqueness of a given situation
