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MJ- F3 E5- Womens health > OB 1 Kenobi > Flashcards

OB 1 Kenobi Flashcards

1
Q

Define an embryo

A

Fertilization –> 8th week

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2
Q

Define a fetus

A

9th week –> birth

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3
Q

Define preterm infant

A

Born prior to 37 weeks gestation

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4
Q

Define neonate

A

Live born birth –> 28 days old

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5
Q

Define an infant

A

Live born birth –> 1 year old

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6
Q

Define post-term infant

A

Live born birth AFTER 42 weeks gestation

(perinatal mortality (death of fetus or neonate) increases as gestation advances beyond due date)

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7
Q

What is Nagele’s rule?

A

Used to calculate Expected Date of Confinement (EDC)

  • Add 7 days to LMP
  • Subtract 3 months
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8
Q

How is gestational age calculated?

A

Age of fetus calculated from 1st day of LMP

(includes 2 weeks when woman is not pregnant)

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9
Q

How is Fetal age calculated?

A

Age of fetus calculated from time of implantation

(2 weeks less than gestational age) = actual fetus age

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10
Q

In which trimester is the fetus most sensitive to teratogens?

A

1st trimester

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11
Q

Define 1st trimester

A

1 - 12 weeks (12 weeks)

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12
Q

Define 2nd trimester

A

13 - 28 weeks (16 weeks)

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13
Q

Define 3rd trimester

A

29-40 weeks (12 weeks)

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14
Q

What happens to Tidal Volume, PO2, Expiratory Reserve, and PCO2 in pregnancy?

A

↑ TV & PO2

↓ Exp Reserve & PCO2

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15
Q

What happens to CO, SV, and systemic vascular resistance in pregnancy?

A

↑ CO & SV

↓ SVR

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16
Q

What happens to gastric motility, gallbladder empyting, GFR, plasma volume, and WBCs in pregnancy?

A

↓ gastric motility & delayed gallbladder emptying

↑ GFR, plasma volume, WBCs

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17
Q

How much folic acid supplementation is needed for low risk vs. high risk?

Most prenatal vitamins contain how much folic acid?

A
  • Low risk: 0.4 mg
  • High risk: 4 mg
  • Vitamins: 1 mg
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18
Q
  • Most home pregnancy tests are + by the time of a missed menses (+/- 1 week), HCG is approximately what??
  • HCG is produced by what? Rises exponentially for how many weeks before it plateaus?
  • Corpus luteum produces what hormone until how many weeks post-fertilization?
A
  • 25
  • placenta / 10 weeks
  • progesterone till 6 weeks, then placenta takes over
19
Q
  • beta HCG levels do what in a normal pregnancy?
  • What causes sxs in the 1st trimester?
A
  • Double every 48 hours (normal)
  • Increase in HCG & progesterone causes nausea/vomiting
20
Q

What are 6 sxs of pregnancy?

A
  • Amenorrhea
  • N/V (↑HCG, multiple gestation, molar preg)
  • Breast tenderness
  • Fatigue
  • Urinary freq/nocturia
  • ↑ incidence of UTIs
21
Q

What are 4 visible sxs of pregnancy?

A
  • Linea nigra
  • Melasma (>16 weeks = mask of preg)
  • Leukorrhea
  • Stretch marks
22
Q

What murmur is seen in pregnancy and totally normal for pregnancy?

A

Systolic ejection murmur

23
Q

Describe Chadwick’s sign

(normal pregnancy PE finding)

A

Bluish cervix

8-12 weeks gestation

24
Q

Describe Hegar’s Sign

(normal pregnancy PE finding)

A

Softening of uterine isthmus

6-8 weeks gestation

25
Q

Describe Goodell’s sign

(normal pregnancy PE finding)

A

Softening of cervix

4-6 weeks

26
Q

An US completed at the initial OB visit can do what 2 things?

A
  • Establish/Confirm EDC
  • Detect fetal heart activity at 5-6 weeks gestation
27
Q

What testing should be done at 11-13 weeks gestation (end of 1st trimester)?

A

Genetic Screening for Down Syndrome

  • US to assess nuchal translucency w/ ↑ fluid/thickening and absence of fetal nasal bone
  • Maternal Blood Testing:
    • ↑ HCG levels
    • ↓ PAPP-A (pregnancy associated plasma protein A
28
Q

What testing should be done at 16-18 weeks gestation (during 2nd trimester)?

A

Genetic Screening

  • Quad screen: maternal blood testing of AFP, HCG, Estriol, Inhibin A
    • ↑ AFP = neural tube defects or multiple gestation
    • Abnormal levels of AFP, HCG, Estriol, AND Inhibin A (all 4 tests) = Trisomy 18 or 21
29
Q

When should a woman start taking prenatal vitamins?

A

3 months prior to conceiving

30
Q

What testing should be done at 15-20 weeks gestation? (during 2nd trimester)

A

Invasive Dx Testing

  • Amniocentesis (genetic material from amniotic fluid is extracted, risk of miscarriage is 0.6%)
31
Q

What testing is done at 10-12 weeks gestation (during 1st trimester)?

A

Invasive Dx Testing

  • Chorionic Villus Sampling (risk of miscarriage is 1%, extracts cells from placenta)
32
Q

What are the frequencies of prenatal care visits?

(4)

A
  • Initial visit 6-8 weeks after LMP
  • Monthly until 28 weeks gestation
  • Bimonthly 28 weeks - 36 weeks gestation
  • Weekly 36 weeks until delivery
33
Q

What is the total weight gain for pregnancy?

A

25-35 lbs

34
Q

What are 2 abnormal findings on a UA for pregnancy?

A

Proteinuria

Glucosuria

35
Q

Fetal heart tones begin at what weeks gestation?

What is used to evaluate them?

How many bpm?

A

10-12 weeks gestation

Hand held doppler

120-160 WNL

36
Q

When is fundal height measured?

When do cervical exams begin?

A

Fundal H: 20 weeks gestation

Cervical: 37 weeks gestation

37
Q

What is “quickening” and how many weeks gestation does it occur?

A

First perception of fetal movement

  • Primigravida (18-20 weeks)
  • Multigravida (16-20 weeks)
38
Q

What is the “count to 10 method?”

A

Perception of 10 fetal movements over 2 hours

or

Perception of 4 fetal movements over 1 hour (while mother is at rest)

39
Q

What time is fetal movement greatest?

A

Night

40
Q

At 12 weeks, what anatomical landmark is the fundal height?

A

pubic symphysis

41
Q

At 20 weeks, what anatomical landmark is the fundal height?

A

Umbilicus

42
Q

How do you measure fundal height after 20 weeks gestation (from the umbilicus)

A

1 cm for each week

43
Q

When does the baby drop in fundal height?

A

36-38 weeks

MJ- F3 E5- Womens health (19 decks)

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