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OB 1 Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Common symptoms of pregnancy (initially)

A

Amenorrhea, breast tenderness, nausea and vomiting

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2
Q

What is morning sickness caused by?

A

increasing beta-HCG, esetrogen and progesterone

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3
Q

embryo

A

fertilization to 8 weeks

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4
Q

fetus

A

8 weeks to birth

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5
Q

infant

A

birth to one year old

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6
Q

developmental age

A

number of days since fertilization

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7
Q

gestational age

A

number of days/weeks since last menstrual period (usually 2 wks longer than DA)

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8
Q

Nagele rule

A

LMP - 3 months + 7 days = EDD

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9
Q

first trimester

A

fertilization until 12 weeks (DA) or 14 weeks GA

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10
Q

second trimester

A

DA: 12 - 24 weeks or GA 14 - 26 weeks

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11
Q

third trimester

A

DA: 24 weeks to birth or GA 26 weeks to birth

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12
Q

pre-viable

A

fetus born before 24 weeks

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13
Q

preterm

A

fetus born between 25 - 37 weeks

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14
Q

term

A

fetus born between 38 - 42 weeks

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15
Q

postterm

A

fetus born after 42 weeks

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16
Q

gravidity

A

number of times a patient has been pregnant

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17
Q

parity

A

what happens to pregnancy, 4 parts: term births, preterm births, abortions, living children

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18
Q

goodell sign

A

softening of the cervix, felt first at 4 weeks DA

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19
Q

quickening

A

first time the mother feels fetal movement, often 16-20 weeks, earlier for multiparous women

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20
Q

ladin sign

A

softening of the midline of the uterus, felt at 6 weeks

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21
Q

Chadwick sign

A

blue discoloration of vagina and cervix, 6-8 weeks

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22
Q

telangiectasias/palmar erythema

A

small blood vessels/reddening of the palms, first trimester

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23
Q

chloasma

A

“mask of pregnancy” - hyperpigmentation of face, forehead, nose and cheeks; @ 16 weeks

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24
Q

linea nigra

A

line of hyperpigmentation that can extend from xiphoid to pubic symphysis, second trimester

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25
when can a gestational sac be seen on US?
beta-HCG of >1500 IU/mL or 5 weeks
26
physiologic changes of pregnancy - CARDIAC
increased cardiac outout and HR, decreased BP
27
physiologic changes of pregnancy - GI
morning sickness, GERD 2/2 decreased LES tone, constipation 2/2 decreased motility
28
physiologic changes of pregnancy - RENAL
increased kidney and ureter size, increased GFR, decrease in BUN/Cr
29
physiologic changes of pregnancy - HEMATOLOGY
anemia, hypercoagulable state (increase fibrinogen, venous stasis)
30
How much does the plasma volume increase by?
50%
31
When can you US to confirm GA? What else can you do then?
Between 11 and 14 weeks; can also check for nuchal translucency
32
Thickened or elnarged nuchal translucency is an indication of what?
Down syndrome
33
What is first trimester screening?
noninvasive evaluation to identify risks of chromosomal abnormalities; combo of blood tests and US
34
when do you perform the triple or quad screens?
at 15 to 20 weeks
35
triple screen
maternal serum alpha fetoprotein, beta-HCG, estriol
36
quad screen
maternal serum alpha fetoprotein, beta-HCG, estriol, inhibin A
37
increased MSAFP may indicate
dating error, neural tube defects, or abdominal wall defects
38
third trimester testing
CBC (Hgb 140 - glucose tolerance test), cervical clx for chlam and gon (tx if pos), GBS (ppx if pos)
39
chorionic villus sampling
at 10 to 13 weeks inadvanced maternal age or known genetic dz, obtains fetal karyotype; transabdominally or transvaginally
40
amniocentesis
at 11 to 14 weeks inadvanced maternal age or known genetic dz, obtains fetal karyotype; transabdominally
41
fetal blood sampling: method and indication
transabdominal percutaneous umbilical blood sample, done for patients with Rh isoimmunization or fetal CBC needed
42
most common location for an ectopic pregnancy
ampulla of the fallopian tube
43
risk factors for ectopic pregnancy
previous ectopic pregnancy, PID, IUD
44
presentation of an ectopic pregnancy
unilateral lower abdominal or pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding
45
abortion
pregnancy that ends before 20 weeks or fetus is <500 grams
46
maternal factors that increase risk of abortion
anatomic abnormalities, infxns (STDs), immunological factors, endocrinological factors, malnutrition, trauma, Rh isoimmunization
47
complete abortion: US findings & treatment
US: no products of conception found; Tx: f/u in office
48
incomplete abortion: US findings & treatment
US: some products of conception found; Tx: D&C/medical
49
inevitable abortion: US findings & treatment
US: products of conception intact, intrauterine bleeding, dilation of cervix; Tx: D&C/medical
50
threatened abortion: US findings & treatment
US: products of conception intact, intrauterine bleeding, no dilation of cervix; Tx: bed rest, pelvic rest
51
missed abortion: US findings & treatment
US: death of fetus but all parts of conception present in the uterus; Tx: D&C/medical
52
septic abortion: US findings & treatment
US: infxn of the uterus and the surrounding areas; Tx: D&C and IV abx (levo, metronidazole)
53
medical treatment for abortions
medications that induce labor such as misoprostol
54
presentation of multiple gestations
exponential growth of uterus, rapid weight gain by mother, elevated beta-HCG and MSAFP
55
preterm labor
combination of contractions (abd pain, LBP, pelvic pain) with cervical dilation; occurs between 20 and 37 weeks
56
premature rupture of membranes
patient has h/o a "gush of fluid" from vagina
57
cervical incompetence
no h/o contractions, painless dilation of the cervix
58
risk factors for preterm labor
premature rupture of membranes, multiple gestation, h/o preterm labor, placental abruption, maternal factors
59
maternal factors that increase risk of preterm labor
uterine anatomical abnormalities, infxn (chorioamnionitis), preeclampsia, intraabdominal surgery
60
allow preterm delivery to occur under these circumstances
maternal severe HTN, maternal cardiac dz, cervical dilation >4cm, maternal hemorrhage, fetal death, chorioamnionitis
61
tocolytics
used in preterm labor to slow the progression of cervical dilation by decreasing uterine contractions; Mag sulfate, CCB, turbutaline
62
what steroid is used to "mature the fetuses lung'
beclomethasone

OB/GYN (4 decks)

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