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OS lV Exam 1 > OAT Peds > Flashcards

OAT Peds Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior fontanelle closing:

A

12-36 months

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2
Q

Posterior fontanelle closing:

A

2-3 months

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3
Q

Sphenoid fontanelle closing:

A

6 months

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4
Q

Mastoid fontanelle closing:

A

6-18 months

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5
Q

What is the most commonly dysfunctional cranial bone in infants? What can it lead to?

A

occiput (most likely squished)

CN9,12: poor suck
CN 10: reflux, vomiting, colic
CN 11: colic, muscular dysfxn

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6
Q

What cranial bone affects the most cranial nerves in infants?

A

Temporal bone

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7
Q

What does internal rotation of the temporal bone in infants lead to?

A

increases likelihood of otitis media/ ear infections

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8
Q

What CNs can affected from operative vaginal delivery via forceps/vacuum?

A

CN6–> lateral rectus palsy

CN 7–> facial palsy

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9
Q

why do kids get otitis media so easily?

A

eustachian tube is flatter in infants than adults or other children without IR temporal bone

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10
Q

TM findings in acute (supporative) otitis media?

A

erythematous, bulging, with purulent effusion

other findings: ear pain

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11
Q

TM findings for Viral URI with serous effusion?

A

pearly, translucent, intact with effusion (could see a fluid bubble)

other: clear runny nose, congestion, HA, mild cough; not as active and less appetite

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12
Q

What positional head deformity is associated with torticollis?

A

plagiocephaly (parallelogram head)

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13
Q

Plagiocephaly is associated with ___ strain

A

lateral strain

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14
Q

Brachycephaly is associated with ___ strain

A

vertical strain or flexion strain

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15
Q

Scaphocephaly is associated with ___ strain

A

extension strain

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16
Q

brachycephaly appearance

A

WIDER > long; back of head = flat

17
Q

scaphocephaly appearance

A

head = LONG and NARROW

18
Q

Torticollis:

A

may be due to irritation of spinal accessory n. (jugular formane)

SCM might be shortened or ropy

tx: OA region, clavicles; ME, ST, CS, MFR

19
Q

What treatments are best for infants?

A

indirect treatments (BMT on cranial SD, condylar decompression, BLT, MFR to diaphragms + jxns, lymphatics prn)

20
Q

School age children:

A

cranium fully ossified, sinuses form, epiphyseal plates still open (rapid growth–> growing pains, may develop leg length discrepancy, short leg syndrome, functional scoliosis)

21
Q

URI in kids (how often + tx)

A

kids get 6-8 per year

TREATMENT: LYMPHATICS!! thoracic inlet; sympathetic T1-4, Parasympathetic CN7

22
Q

treatment for bacterial sinusitis?

A

lymphatics

URI syx >10 days; URI improves then worsens; fever/purulent discharge>3 days w/ facial tenderness or HA

23
Q

Treatment for asthma?

A

diaphragm (mechanical); OA (parasympathetics- be careful), accessory muscles of resp (scalenes, SCM), C3-5 (diaphragm), t1-12 + ribs (T2-8 symp innerv)

FIRST line = albuterol; OS equivalent = rib raising

24
Q

CP: nasal sinuses

A

anterior: inferomedial clavicle, lateral to SC jxn (nasal sinuses), superior second rib at midclavicular line (all sinuses)
posterior: mastoid process

25
Q

CP: larynx

A

anterior: superior second rib, just medial to sinuses CR
posterior: just lateral to spinous process of C2 (larynx, pharynx, tongue, all sinuses)

26
Q

CP: pharynx

A

anterior: inferior first rib at sternocostal jxn
posterior: just lateral to spinous process of C2 (larynx, pharynx, tongue, all sinuses)

27
Q

CP: tonsils

A

anterior: lateral manubrium

28
Q

CP: middle ear

A

anterior: superior clavicle; about 2-3 cm lateral to SC jxn
posterior: base of occiput at OA joint

29
Q

OMT for resp complaints

A

ALWAYS open thoracic duct first

rhinosinusitis–> sinus milking techinques; cranial lifts

otitis media–> ear pull, galbreath, muncie technique

pneumonia (LR)–> like asthma; at least from OMT; rib raising; diaphram

30
Q

OMT GERD:

A

OA (paras), T5-9 (symp), diaphragm, celiac ganglion (symp)

31
Q

OMT constipation

A

OA (Paras), T10-L2 (symp), superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia, sacrum !!! (SACRAL ROCK)

32
Q

OMT MSK complaints

A

evaluate at least the joints above and below the joint in quetion

perform osteopathic orthopedic exam; treat w/ appropriate modality; send pt home with exercises

33
Q

Adolescents

A

epiphyseal plates closing/closed; innominates fuse by 20

sacrum fuses in late adolescence

adolescent athletes are particularly susceptible to SD; watch for hypermobility

34
Q

Scoliosis screeening

A

the guidelines; USPSTF recommends AGAINST screening asymptomatic children/adolescents for scoliosis

vs.

pcp for adolescents DO NOT support recommendations against scoliosis screening

*screening= fwd bending test

35
Q

OMT for abdominal complaints- constipation

A

Parasympathetics: increased tone–> increased peristalsis; sacral rock!!!

36
Q

OMT for abdominal complaints- diarrhea

A

sympathetics: increased tone–> decreased peristalsis

37
Q

Viscerosomatic reflux for gut:

OS lV Exam 1 (4 decks)

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