Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OA Exam 1 > OA Nursing Process > Flashcards

OA Nursing Process Flashcards

1
Q

Middle-old

A

75-84

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Old-old

A

85-99

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Elite-old

A

100+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

After 2 days in a nursing home/ hospital

A

The body starts to weaken and breakdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The aging process

A
  • each person ages at a different rate and each person adapts to the aging process individually.
  • knowledge of the changes with the aging process enables the nurse to accurately differentiate between normal and abnormal findings in assessing the OA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

OA population in America 65 years or older

A

~40.4 million Americans 65 or older
~>71 million by 2030
~80 million by 2050

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

________ has the highest percentage of people 65 and older.

A

Florida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Percentage of OA in homes/rent/nursing homes?

A

77% own homes
21% rent
3.1% nursing homes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Young-old

A

65-75

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Benign skin lesions are

A

Common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Senile lentigines

A

Benign skin lesions. Age spots; irregular pigmented lesion with rough surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Seborrheic keratosis

A

Benign skin lesion. Raised, pigmented, warty lesions with “stuck on” appearance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Skin tags

A

Benign skin lesions. Raised tag of skin in high friction areas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Musculoskeletal

A 
- Increased pain with joint movement.
Joint cartilage erodes
Synovial fluid thickens 
- Decreased muscle mass
- Tendons less elastic 
- Decreased muscle tone and strength
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Physical changes of aging (systems)

A
  • Neurological
  • sensory
  • pulmonary
  • cardiovascular
  • gastrointestinal
  • genitourinary
  • musculoskeletal
  • skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

GI System

A
  • Inadequate nutrition
  • Decreased bowel mobility
  • constipation ( this is the #1 complaint from PT)
  • Dependence on Laxatives
  • increase fluids
  • High residue/High fiber diets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MDS ( minimum data set)

A
  • Used in long term care settings
  • periodic, multidisciplinary assessment
  • validates need for care and justifies reimbursement
  • review in your clinical rotation with staff
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who does not pay for nursing home cost?

A

Medicare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Musculoskeletal functional implications

A
  • greater osteoarthritis pain and limited motion ….deconditioning.
  • Loss of muscle mass with general weakening.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Patient history

A
  • Face pt and ask questions one at a time.
  • If answers seem inappropriate, clarify answer or restate question.
  • Ask for a list of medications or pharmacy containers.
  • Questions must be specific to obtain accurate information. Ask about specific systems.
  • Review a typical day.
  • Ask about values, preferences and meds.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Assessment and Environment

A
  • Allow an adequate amount of time for the pt to answer questions and report information during the health interview.
  • Bright glare free lighting.
  • Warm room
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Older adults

A
  • Heterogeneous population with varying needs.
  • Chronological age is a constant age
  • Functional age varies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Chronological age

A

Constant age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Functional age

A

Varies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Assessment of the OA

A
  • Each system is effected
  • Progressive and gradual
  • NORMAL AGING-CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN ALL OLDER PEOPLE.
  • concept of health for OA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Concept of health for OA

A

“The ability to live and function effectively in society and to exercise self-reliance and autonomy to the maximum extent feasible, but not necessarily as total freedom from disease” Healthy people 2000+

27
Q

Physical assessment techniques

A
  • Avoid unnecessary or prolonged exposure of body parts to prevent excess heat loss.
  • Assist with position changes.
  • Palpate and percuss gently to avoid trauma to frail skin.
  • Do not move joints beyond the point of pain to avoid injury.
  • pt may demonstrate rapid fluctuations in condition due to changes in the OA.
28
Q

Neurological functional implications

A
  • Slowed speed of cognitive processing
  • Increased risk of sleep disorders, neurological diseases and delirium.
  • Increased risk of sensory overload or deprivation
29
Q

Neurological changes

A
  • Changes from decreased velocity of nerve impulse condition and decreased sensory perception.
  • Responses to stimuli take longer.
  • Slowing of autonomic nervous system may contribute to orthostatic hypotension.
30
Q

Sensory changes

A 
~Alterations in taste/smell (Gustatory/Olfactory)
-med side effects
-poor dentition 
-improperly fitting dentures
-other systemic problems
~Dry mouth common
31
Q

Sensory Functional Implications

A
  • Increased risk for falls, burns and motor vehicle accidents.
  • Increased risk for social isolation, boredom, depression.
  • Increased risk of communication difficulties due to hearing loss.
  • lower metabolic rate: lower baseline temp
  • febrile response muted; may have infection without a febrile response.
32
Q

Cardiovascular functional Implications

A
  • Decreased cardiac reserve
  • Increased risk arrhythmias
  • Increased risk postural hypotension
  • Increased risk varicose ties of lower extremities
  • Increased risk dependent edema of lower extremities
33
Q

Pulmonary Functional implications

A

~Lung sounds diminished in bases

  • Decreased cough reflex with risk aspiration pneumonia
  • Increased risk of infection and bronchospasm with airway obstruction
34
Q

Pulmonary; Diminished lung expansion from:

A
  • Weakness of respiratory muscles
  • Calcification of rib articulations
  • Stiffness of chest wall
  • kyphosis
35
Q

Genitourinary system

A
  • Decreased bladder capacity
  • Weakened muscles
  • Incontinence not a normal sign of aging
  • May not empty completely
  • Urinary urgency and more frequent nighttime voiding
  • Males: BPH (benign prostatic hypertrophy) - inability to start stream, voiding smaller amounts, more frequent urination.
36
Q

Braden scale to predict pressure sore risk

A 
-Risk level 
No risk
Risk
Moderate risk
High risk 
Very high risk
-Interventions
37
Q

No risk range

A

19-23

38
Q

Risk range

A

15-18

39
Q

Moderate risk range

A

13-14

40
Q

high risk range

A

10-12

41
Q

Very high risk range

A

Less than or equal to 9

42
Q

Braden scale

A 
1= Highly impaired
Highest #= no impairment 
-Sensory perception 
- Moisture
- Activity
-Mobility 
-Nutrition  
-Function and shear
43
Q

Sensory perception (Braden scale)

A

(1-4)

Ability to respond meaningful to pressure-related discomfort

44
Q

Moisture (Braden scale)

A

(1-4)

Degree to which skin is exposed to moisture

45
Q

Activity (Braden scale)

A

(1-4)

Degree of physical activity

46
Q

Mobility (Braden scale)

A

(1-4)

ability to change and control body position

47
Q

nutrition (Braden scale)

A

(1-4)

usual food intake pattern

48
Q

Friction and shear (Braden scale)

A

(1-3)

49
Q

Skin risk

A 
~Increased risk pressure ulcers 
-immobile 
-malnourished
-multiple comorbidities
~Critical to assess bony prominences and areas of pressure.
50
Q

Skin changes

A
  • Loss of elasticity and subcutaneous tissue.
  • Dry skin with scaly apperance
  • Wrinkling skin
  • Skin is thinner, more transparent
  • Increased or decreased pigmentation common
51
Q

Skin Changes Hydration/weight

A
  • Skin turgor is NOT reliable test of hydration for OA
  • Most reliable test of hydration is a scale
  • Weigh the pt daily before breakfast with same scale
  • 1 liter of body fluid is approximately 1 kg or 2.2 pounds
52
Q

Musculoskeletal Morse fall scale assessment for long term care facilities.

A 
Functional Implications....Increased risk of falls with injury 
-Risk level 
Low risk 
Medium risk 
High risk 
-interventions
53
Q

(Morse fall scale) Low risk range

A

0-24

54
Q

(Morse fall scale) medium risk range

A

25-44

55
Q

(Morse fall scale) High risk range

A

45 and higher

56
Q

Musculoskeletal Morse fall scale Function implications

A 
Function implications...Increased risk of falls with injury 
~Variables
-history of falling(25)
-secondary diagnosis (15)
Dizziness 
Parkingson's
Neuropathy 
Osteoarthritis 
Hypertension 
-Ambulatory aid
Crutches/cane/walker (15)
Furniture (30)
-IV or IV access (20)
-Gait
Weak(10)
Impaired (20)
-mental status 
Overstimulates or forgets limitations (15)
57
Q

Musculoskeletal bone changes

A

~Profound effect on bone mineralization with menopause.
-Bone resorption out paces bone building.
~30% of bone mass lost by age 80 in women
~ Increased fractures in weight bearing bones and vertebrae

58
Q

S4 is _______ in older adults

A

Normal

Due to valve issues

59
Q

S3 is _____ in older adults

A

Abnormal

S3 is abnormal: due to CHF and fluid overload

60
Q

cardiovascular Heart anatomy changes

A
  • Left ventricle thicker and less compliant
  • Thickening leads to decrease diastole filling and decrease cardiac output by 30 to 40 %
  • tachycardia poorly tolerated
  • thickened myocardium prone to irritability, arrhythmias and ischemia
61
Q

Cardiovascular changes

A 
~Fibrosis and sclerosis of cardiac muscle can lead to cardiac arrhymias
-Premature beats
~Stenotic or incompetent valves 
-Increased BP
-Arterial insufficiency 
-Abnormal heart sounds
62
Q

Cardiovascular changes cont.

A

~decreased baroreceptor sensitivity can lead to postural hypotension.
~A drop of >15 mmHg in systolic BP when changing from lying to standing.

63
Q

Cardiovascular changes vessels/arteries

A 
~Aging blood vessels
-Calcified and tortuous 
~Arteries 
-Lose elasticity and vasomotor tone
-Less able to regulate blood flow
~Increased peripheral resistance....Increased BP.

OA Exam 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions