OA

Question 1

Definition arthralgia

Answer 1

pain from joints

Question 2

define arthropathy

Answer 2

joint abnormality

Question 3

define monoarthritis

Answer 3

one joint

Question 4

define oligoarthritis

Answer 4

2-4 joints

Question 5

define polyarthritis

Answer 5

5+ joints

Question 6

define synovitus

Answer 6

clinically apparent synovial joint inflammation

Question 7

define capsilitus

Answer 7

inflammation of joint capsule

Question 8

define tenosynovitus

Answer 8

inflammation of tendon sheath

Question 9

define myostisis

Answer 9

inflammation of muscle

Question 10

define subluxation

Answer 10

articular surfaces not aligned, but remain in contact. ‘partial dislocation’

Question 11

Joint pain, swelling, asymmetrical oligoarthritis, commonly in DIP joints, pt has chronic skin condition.

Answer 11

Psoriatic arthritis.

Question 12

25 year old, chronic dull pain in lower back, loss of movement in spine.

Answer 12

Ankylosing spondylitis. Oligoarthritis. Autoimmune of axial bones, can cause fusion of spine.

Question 13

Inflammation of large joints, inflammation of eyes (conjunctivitis), urinary tract inflammation. Poss recent infection.

Answer 13

Reactive arthritis. Autoimmune, reaction to infection (may be later onset), often in a different part of the body.

Question 14

relatively rapid onset inflammation around any joint - pain, red, swelling, heat, lof

Answer 14

Septic arthritis. infection of synovial membrane. more likely in replacement joints. Medical emergency.

Question 15

50 year old, activity related joint pain, morning stiffness lasting no longer than 30 mins. Diagnosis and investigations?

Answer 15

OA NO INVESTIGATIONS if has these symptoms and over 45.

Question 16

What is the general advice given for OA?

Answer 16

Exercise - local muscle strengthening and

CV Weight - loss if overweight

Question 17

What non-pharmacological therapy can be offered for OA?

Answer 17

Thermotherapy Electrotherapy Aids (e.g. walking stick)

Question 18

What pharmacological therapy can be offered for OA?

Answer 18

Analgesics - Paracetamol and/or topical NSAIDs should be considered

oral NSAIDs.

Step up to opioids if necessary.

Topical capsaicin as an adjunct. Surgery.

Question 19

define OA

Answer 19

Breakdown of articular cartilage with proliferative changes in surrounding bones.

Question 20

What are the risk factors for primary OA?

Answer 20

Age

Sex

Obesity

Familial Hx

Repeated trauma

Question 21

What are the risk factors for secondary OA?

Answer 21

Trauma

previous disorders

infection

inflammation eg RA

metabolic disorder eg gout

Question 22

Signs and symptoms of OA

Answer 22

Joint pain/tenderness

Limited movement

Crepitus

Effusion

Question 23

Is OA mono, oligo, or polyarthritic?

Answer 23

ALL!

Question 24

What cartilage in the knee is most likely to be affected by OA?

Answer 24

Medial meniscus

Question 25

Where on the hand is OA most likely to be present?

Answer 25

Distal Interphalangeal joint. also common on PIP

Question 26

What is an OA node on the distal inter phalangeal joint called?

Answer 26

Herberden's node.

Question 27

What is an OA node on the proximal inter pharyngeal int called?

Answer 27

Bouchard's node.

Question 28

If aspirated, what colour will fluid from an OA v RA joint be and why?

Answer 28

OA will be straw coloured, RA will be opaque due to the presence of leukocytes.

Question 29

What are varus knees?

Answer 29

bowed out

Question 30

What are valgus knees?

Answer 30

bowed in

Question 31

describe Trendelenberg gait

Answer 31

attempt to minimise the pain by dropping the pelvis on the contralateral side during stance.

Question 32

what is the gait by which a foot is swung around into the forward step, rather than through. Why would a pt do this?

Answer 32

circumduction Done when a leg cannot be straightened.

Question 33

What is eburnation?

Answer 33

bone rubbing on bone, cartilage has gone, bone becomes polished and hardened.

Question 34

what surgery is done to repair the integrity of the knee joint (not a TKR)?

Answer 34

Arthroplasty

Question 35

Why is knee surgery not advised for younger patients?

Answer 35

They will outlive the knee, and a second replacement is much more difficult.

Question 36

Answer 36

Varus

Question 37

Answer 37

Valgus