O7s Flashcards
Define Atomic Number?
Atomic number is the number of protons.
Define Mass Number?
Mass number is the number of protons and neutrons.
Define a Mole?
A mole is 6 x 10^23, Avogadro’s number.
What is the shape of the s orbital?
Sphere.
What is the shape of a p orbital?
Dumbbell.
Define an Ion?
An ion is an atom that has lost or gained an electron.
Write the electronic configuration (s,p) for a specific element.
(This would be specific to the element, e.g. for Oxygen: 1s² 2s² 2p⁴).
Define Isotopes?
Isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
What are Allotropes?
Allotropes are different physical forms of the same element, differing in the way they are bonded.
Define Amphoteric?
An amphoteric substance can act as both an acid and a base.
Define Relative Atomic Mass?
Relative atomic mass is the average mass of an atom of an element compared to one twelfth the mass of C-12.
Define Electronegativity?
Electronegativity is the attraction that an atom has for a shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond.
Define Ionisation Energy?
Ionisation energy is the energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a neutral gaseous atom.
Why does atomic radii decrease across a period?
Atomic radii decrease across a period due to increasing nuclear charge.
Why does atomic radii increase down a group?
Atomic radii increase down a group due to increased shielding or screening.
Define Principle Quantum Number?
The principle quantum number indicates the main energy level of an electron.
Define Subsidiary Quantum Number?
The subsidiary quantum number gives the sublevel energy of an electron.
Define Magnetic Quantum Number?
The magnetic quantum number gives the direction of the orbital.
Define Spin Quantum Number?
The spin quantum number indicates the spin of the electron (+ or -).
Define Catalyst?
A catalyst alters the rate of a reaction without being used up.
Define Dipole Moment?
A dipole moment occurs when the centres of charge do not coincide, resulting in an asymmetrical distribution.
Define No Dipole Moment?
No dipole moment occurs when the centres of charge coincide, resulting in a symmetrical distribution.
Write the equation E2 - E1 = hf.
E2 is the energy at the higher energy level (excited state), E1 is the energy at the ground state, h is Planck’s constant, and f is the frequency of the photon.
Define Transition Elements?
Transition elements have variable valency, are good catalysts, form coloured compounds, and have a partially filled d subshell.
