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Question 1

What is the primary function of unicellular organisms?

Answer 1

All functions like digestion, respiration, and reproduction are performed by a single cell.

Question 2

What is tissue in multicellular animals?

Answer 2

A group of similar cells along with intercellular substances that perform a specific function.

Question 3

How are tissues categorized based on cell structure and function?

Answer 3

Four types:
* Epithelial
* Connective
* Muscular
* Neural

Question 4

What is an organ?

Answer 4

A structure formed by organized tissues to perform a specific function.

Question 5

What constitutes an organ system?

Answer 5

Two or more organs that perform a common function through interaction.

Question 6

What are the two types of epithelial tissues?

Answer 6

Simple epithelium and compound epithelium.

Question 7

What is the characteristic of epithelial tissue?

Answer 7

Cells are compactly packed with little intercellular space.

Question 8

What is the basement membrane?

Answer 8

A non-cellular layer made of glycoprotein, mucopolysaccharide, and collagen fibers.

Question 9

Why is epithelial tissue avascular?

Answer 9

Due to minimal intercellular space, blood vessels cannot penetrate it.

Question 10

What is simple epithelium?

Answer 10

Composed of a single layer of cells that lines body cavities, ducts, and tubes.

Question 11

What is compound epithelium?

Answer 11

Consists of two or more cell layers and has a protective function.

Question 12

What are the three types of simple epithelium?

Answer 12

1. Squamous
2. Cuboidal
3. Columnar

Question 13

What is squamous epithelium?

Answer 13

Made of a single thin layer of flattened cells.

Question 14

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

Answer 14

Forms a diffusion boundary and aids in filtration.

Question 15

What is the cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 15

Composed of a single layer of cube-like cells.

Question 16

What is the function of cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 16

Secretion and absorption.

Question 17

What is columnar epithelium?

Answer 17

Composed of a single layer of tall and slender cells.

Question 18

What modifications occur in cuboidal and columnar epithelium?

Answer 18

Microvilli and cilia may be present on their free surface.

Question 19

What are microvilli?

Answer 19

Finger-like structures that increase surface area for absorption.

Question 20

What is brush-bordered epithelium?

Answer 20

Cuboidal or columnar epithelium with microvilli on the free surface.

Question 21

What is ciliated epithelium?

Answer 21

Cuboidal or columnar cells with cilia on their free surface.

Question 22

What are the types of glands based on cell composition?

Answer 22

Unicellular and multicellular glands.

Question 23

What is an exocrine gland?

Answer 23

Glands that release products through ducts to specific locations.

Question 24

What is an endocrine gland?

Answer 24

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Question 25

What is a heterocrine gland?

Answer 25

A mixed gland with both exocrine and endocrine functions.

Question 26

What is the primary function of compound epithelium?

Answer 26

To provide protection against chemical and mechanical stress.

Question 27

What are the types of compound epithelium?

Answer 27

1. Transitional epithelium
2. Stratified epithelium

Question 28

What are cell junctions?

Answer 28

Structures made of proteins that link individual cells.

Question 29

What are the three types of cell junctions?

Answer 29

1. Tight junction
2. Adherent junction
3. Gap junction

Question 30

What is the function of tight junctions?

Answer 30

Prevent substances from leaking across a tissue.

Question 31

What do adherent junctions do?

Answer 31

Help in cementing neighboring cells together.

Question 32

What is the role of gap junctions?

Answer 32

Facilitate communication between adjacent cells.