Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiology Wellington > NZRUS > Flashcards

NZRUS Flashcards

1
Q

How to calculate CO with echo

A

CO= LVOT area x VTI (using pulse wave doppler) x HR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ejection fraction calculation

A

EF(%) = SV/EDV x 100

SV:Stroke Volume
EDV:End Diastolic Volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How to calculate EF using the fractional shortening method?

Normal to severe values

A
  1. Obtain PSLA view
  2. Select M-mode and place the cursor in the middle of the LV being careful to not include the mitral valve or papillary muscle.
  3. Freeze the M-mode image.
  4. Measure the LVEDD (max diameter) and LVESD (minimum diameter)

The ultrasound will give you an ejection fraction reading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In PSAX How can you calculate EF ?

A

Fractional Area Change
1. Obtain PSSAx view at the level of the papillary muscles.
2. At the end of diastole (maximum area), measure the area of the left ventricle to obtain the LVEDA.

  1. At the end of systole (minimum area), measure the area of the left ventricle to obtain the LVESA.

Insert values into the equation to obtain fractional area change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fractional Area Change values compared with EF?
Key limitation

A

Regional wall disfunction can alter measurement, and may over- or under-estimate global function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How to calculate pulmonary artery systolic pressure using echo

A
  1. 4 chamber view
  2. Identify regurgitant jet over tricuspid using colour doppler
  3. CW doppler over the tricuspid regurg jet
  4. Calculate peak velocity (see image)
  5. Insert this into formular.
    Pressure gradient = 4 x peak velocity (in m/s)
  6. Add right atrial pressure (Approx 10mmHg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How to calculate right atrial pressure on echo

A

Measure IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rocking vs fanning

A

“Rocking” is movement along the same direction of the beam long axis (think a pizza wheel moving).

“Fanning” is perpendicular to “rocking” where the beam angle is varied.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is EPSS ? Used for

A

E-Point Septal Separation
- Used to estimate LVF
- EPSS is obtained by placing the M-mode tracer over the distal tip of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve

EPSS > 7 mm is evidence of reduced LVEF. Of note, EPSS ≥ 13 mm correlates with severely decreased function, with an estimated LVEF of ≤ 35%.

L normal - R abnormal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a normal TASPE

A

> 1.6cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pressure velocity equation

A

change in pressure = 4 x Volume squared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is continuous wave doppler?
Key uses?

A

Tells us the maximum velocity using 1 crystal to send impose and another to sense it

Used for EG measurement of TR/MR and can calculate the Max velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is pulse wave doppler? Key uses

A

Uses 1 crystal to generate sound and receive it

Measuring VTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to measure Aortic stenosis

A

Measure LVOT in PLAX

Get apical 5 chamber and look at LVOT
-> Continuous wave doppler to measure max velocity
(image)
-> Then pulse wave doppler at valve to get velocity at valve

???

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Locations for Lung US

A
  1. 2nd inter costal space mid clav line (Depth 10cm)
  2. 4/5th at anterior axillary line
  3. Mid axilary at costoprenic angle (use xiphisterum as guide)
  4. Posterolateral wall
    (move posterior and fan anterior from position 3.)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When thinking about lung US detection of PTX what are you looking for

A

Lung sliding
A lines
Lung pulse
lung point
B-lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do the arrows show

A

Pleural line
A line
A line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lung sliding and A lines - is there a PTX?

A

No - Lung sliding rules out PTX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Key DDx for lack of lung sliding

A

PTX
Single bronchi intubation
Apnea
penumonia / atelectasis
pleural scarring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the lung point

A

Point where you can see the end of lung sliding

https://youtu.be/uk2nd0ZYGfM?t=390

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Whats shown here

A

Sub cut air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a false lung point

A

Area of insufflating sliding lung next to the cardiac structures which appears not to slide

The lung here parenchyma is decompressed between the heart and chest wall, yielding this funding.

23
Q

What happens where A and B lines meet?

A

B lines ablate A lines

24
Q

What do B lines represent? Where do they start?
Where do they go?
Do they move with lung sliding?

A

Interstitial thickening

Start at pleural line
Extend down the pleural field
Move with lung sliding

25
Q

What are thick B lines called

A

B rockets

-> more thickened insterstitum

26
Q

What is this little vertical line from pleura

A

Z line
- Short and do not ablate A lines as too short
- Not significant

27
Q

How many B lines to be pathological

A

> 3

28
Q

What would B lines in every view mean?

A

pulmonary edema,
ARDS,
interstitial lung diseases and lymphangitic carcinomatosis.

[While pneumonia and atelectasis can demonstrate B-lines, these are generally more localized or focal in select segments and are often associated with pleural abnormalities and/or frank consolidation]

29
Q

Can you have B lines and PTX?

A

No. Any # of B-lines at an intercostal space rules out pneumothorax

30
Q

What is this showing

A

An irregular pleural line (arrow) as visualized using the linear transducer, suggesting pleural inflammation.

31
Q

What are the arrows

A

A lines

32
Q

What is this

A

One isolated B line (arrow)

33
Q

What is this

A

Multiple B lines

34
Q

Heres some normal - severe B lines

A

Welcome

35
Q

When looking at pleural effusion how can you roughly estimate size?

A

Each 1 cm = 200mls

Eg 5cm = 1L

36
Q

Whats shown here

A

Dense consolidation

37
Q

What are the arrows pointing to>

A
38
Q

US positions for FAST scanning

A
  1. RUQ/mid axilary just below diaphragm
  2. LUQ Note L side a little more posterior and superior)
  3. Pelvis both transverse and longitudinal
39
Q

Most common place for fluid in supine patient FAST scan

A

RUQ is most dependent

40
Q

What are the stars in this RUQ fast scan

A
  1. Sub diaphragmatic space
  2. Hepatorenal space
  3. Inferior liver tip
  4. Inferior pole of kidney
41
Q

RUQ FAST scan whats shown in the 2 images

A

L - normal

R - Free fluid in the hepatorenal space

42
Q

RUQ fast scan whats shown

A

Free fluid above and below diaphragm
[Note fluid below has loculations]

43
Q

Transverse view of female suprapubic whats shown

A

Bladder uterus and rectum

44
Q

Whats shown here in a male patient

A

Large anechoic space in rectovesicular space (free fluid between bladdder and rectum)

45
Q

Whats shown here in transverse view of suprapubic woman

A

Fluid seen anterior and posterior (pouch of douglas) to uterus

46
Q

Longitudinal pelvic view whats seen

A

Rectovesicular fluid behind bladder

47
Q

What is seen in this female

A

Small discreet hypoechoic space in rectouterine pouch

48
Q

What colour is an acute clot (DVT)? How do you assess at a location

A

Anechoic - ie cant see

Compress hard enough to compress artery. The clot in vein will not collapse completely

49
Q

Whats this LUQ

A

Perinephric fat

50
Q

R lung base whats this

A

Free fluid above AND below diaphragm

51
Q

How does the appearance of blood change on US over time as it clots

A
52
Q
A
53
Q

When measuring LVOT diameter what does the image need to look like

A

RV LV and LA all in vertical line on screen

54
Q

What would be the difference between ARDS and cardiogenic pulm oedema

A

Cardiogenic - more likely to have smooth pleura with lots of b lines

Cardiology Wellington (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions