Nz

Question 1

When was the treaty of Waitangi signed?

Answer 1

6th February 1840

Question 2

What were the different perspectives on the two things in the treaty of Waitangi?

Answer 2

A) The meaning of sovereignty (supreme power or authority)

B) Control/ownership of land and resources

Question 3

When were the wars?

Answer 3

The wars took place between 1845 and 1872

Question 4

Who fought in the wars?

Answer 4

The British empire and the Maori tribes of New Zealand

Question 5

What was the cause of the land wars?

Answer 5

1) The fighting was over who owned New Zealand snd who could be in control of the country

2) Maori believed they could co-exist with the colonists with each respecting boundaries of their different areas of influence. Many Maori valued co-operation with Europeans. However The British believed it was their duty and right to impose their administration, customs and rule of law across the entire country.

Question 6

When and where was the first conflict?

Answer 6

June 1843 in the Wairau valley at the top of the South Island.

Question 7

How did the British have an advantage?

Answer 7

The British far outnumbered the Maori and their weapons were also more superior, however the Maori warriors did not back down easily.

Question 8

Who were two significant people in the land wars?

Answer 8

Hone Heke Pokai
Governor George Grey

Question 9

When did the Northern war take place and who was involved?

Answer 9

1845-1846
British troops and two Maori tribes led by Hone Heke and Kawiti

Question 10

When did the Taranaki war take place and who was involved?

Answer 10

1860-61, 1863
British troops and a Maori tribe led by Wiremu Kingi

Question 11

When did the Waikato war take place and who was involved?

Answer 11

1861-1864
British troops and the Maori king and his followers

Question 12

What caused the Northern war?

Answer 12

Maori did not like the colonial government’s increasing control over Māori affairs.

· The government placed customs duties on goods which meant an increase in the cost of goods for Maori in the Bay of Islands.

· Heke also strongly objected to the flag of the Union Jack replacing the flag of the United Tribes as New Zealand’s official flag. He saw this as denying Maori equal status with the government. The flagstaff was cut down four times in 1844 – 1845.

Question 13

What was the outcome of the northern war?

Answer 13

Heke and Kawiti defeated the British troops.

Question 14

What caused the Taranaki war?

Answer 14

A minor chief offered land to the government which they accepted. A more senior Maori chief, Wiremu Kingi, objected to this land sale along with those living on the land at the time. The land dispute led to warfare between British troops and Maori led by Wiremu Kingi.

Question 15

What was the outcome of the Taranaki war?

Answer 15

A truce ended the fighting in 1861, but fresh fighting broke out in 1863.

Question 16

What caused the Waikato war?

Answer 16

There is debate about what caused this war. Some believe it was land disputes that led to the outbreak of war. Others suggest it was the desire to impose British administration, law and civilisation on Maori.

Question 17

What was the outcome of the Waikato war?

Answer 17

Maori were defeated by the British

Question 18

What was the outcome of the land wars?

Answer 18

Maori were eventually defeated. Over 2000 Maori had lost their lived compared to the loss of 745 British soldiers

Large areas of land belonging to the Maori people in the Waikato, Bay of Plenty, Taranaki, Hawke’s Bay and Poverty Bay were also confiscated by the government under the New Zealand Settlements Act. This led to conflict and hostility between Maori and the NZ government that is still evident today.

Question 19

What was the Kinglet movement?

Answer 19

Maori elected a king because they decided they could work more effectively against the pressures placed on Maori for land if they united. A pan-tribal movement could not only provide protection against European settlement but also develop its own system of laws and maintain peace among the tribes.

The first Maori king was Pōtatau Te Wherowhero. He was known as ‘The Kingmaker’ amongst the pakeha

Question 20

What happened between Governor grey and the Maori king?

Answer 20

Governor grey was appointed as an administrator to the British crown. He was tasked with actively promoting European settlement.

He didn’t like the kingite movement because it promoted self governance and had a king in opposition to the British queen.

Question 21

What did Grey use as justification for the invasion of the Waikato?

Answer 21

That the Kingitanga movement was a threat ti European settlers and were planning and invasion of colonial Auckland.

Question 22

What did Grey do?

Answer 22

Grey met with Te wherowhero and told him to hand over his land to which he refused.

Te where where died 3 years before the invasion and his son Tawhiao succeeded him.

Question 23

What did tawhio do?

Answer 23

Tawhiao threatened Grey with war if he crossed the Mangataawhiri river River. Grey ignored the threat and crossed the river resulting in war being declared.

Question 24

What was the invasion of the Waikato like?

Answer 24

Governor grey gathered troops from across the British empire to fight against Maori in the Waikato.

His first task wad to build a supply line between Auckland and Pokeno troops based at the Queens redoubt with the necessary resources. Today this supply line is known as the Great south road.

Gunboats on the river allowed the British to deliver troops to the Waikato and provide additional fire power.

Question 25

Rangiriri Pa

Answer 25

1) Rangiriri (17 km north of Huntly) was the site of a decisive battle between Maori and the British.

2) The Maori built trenches around the pa at Rangiriri to protect themselves from being invaded by
the British infantry. However, they were unable to defeat the British. The women and children
fled the pa whilst the men who remained were taken prisoner.

3) The layout of the cemetery at Rangiriri shows differences in the way the British and Maori who
died there were remembered. The British were buried in graves with headstones, whilst the
Maori were buried in an unmarked grave in a corner of the cemetery.

4) Tawhaio conceded victory to the British from their capital at Ngaruawahia by raising the British
flag. However, this was not enough for Grey. He wanted to destroy the Kingite movement and
continued to invade the Waikato.

Question 26

Rangiaowhia

Answer 26

1) Rangiaowhia was a settlement near Te Awamutu. It was known for its good agricultural lands
and being the food bowl of Auckland. Maori and Pakeha lived together in harmony there.

2) Bishop Selwyn (Bishop of New Zealand) decreed that Rangiaowhia was a safe haven for non-
combatants.

3) However, British troops stormed Rangiaowhia in March 1864 with the help of “friendly Maori”
They were Maori who fought on the side of the British. They viewed economic co-operation
with the settlers to be more important than fighting for independence from the Crown.

3) However, British troops stormed Rangiaowhia in March 1864 with the help of “friendly Maori” They were Māori who fought along side the British .

4) Women and children were killed during the attack and a church was burned where people were taking sanctuary

Question 27

Orakau

Answer 27

1) The defeat of the pa at Orakau (south-east of Te Awamutu), was the last stand in the Waikato
invasion. The pa was incomplete, and the Maori had insufficient ammunition, food and water.
This made it difficult for them to defend the pa.

2) During the battle, the British sent a message to those defending the pa telling them to surrender
in order to save the women and children.

3) The Maori responded with, “Surrender is not an option. We will fight forever and ever.”

Question 28

A bitter legacy

Answer 28

1) The (iwi of Waikato) finally received an apology from the Crown in 1995. The Crown
admitted that the invasion of the Waikato was:

a. Wrongful and totally unjustified. The Waikato-Tainui were simply defending their land
and not planning a rebellion.

b. The war caused Maori to be dispersed and there was widespread suffering amongst its
people.

2) The Crown signed a deed of settlement with the Waikato-Tainui that consisted of an official
apology and a package of cash and land valued at $170 million.
The actual value of the land at the time was $12 billion.