NVG Flashcards
Night Vision Requirements: Weather
C - Ceiling / Visibility (launch 1000/3, recovery 700/1)
C - Cloud Clearance
W - Winds
Night Vision Requirements: Equipment
F - Flashlight
L - Landing/Search/IR Light
A - Anti-collision Light
P - Position Lights / NVG compatible INST
Lights
H - Heading Indicator
V - Vertical Speed Indicator
C - Commo Equipment
R -Radar / Laser Altimeter
M - Magnetic Compass
A - AFCS / DASE / FMC
A - AHRS/FCC/INS/HARS
S - STBY FLT INST (A/S/ATT/ALT/MAG
COMPASS)
S - Surveillance: ADS-b. Mode C or S
C - Clock or Watch w/seconds
A - Attitude Indicator
A - Airspeed Inicator
A - Altimeter
F - Fuel Quantity Indicator
F - Free Air Temp
Dark Adaptation -
D
S
S
T
T
T
D - Definition (The process by which the retinal cells (rods) increase their concentration of the chemical substance rhodopsin that allows them to function optimally in twilight or in dimly illuminated surroundings.
S - Starting Level ( The lower the startin gillumination level, the less time required for adaptation.
S - Sensitivity
T - Time to adapt (30-45 minutes)
T - Time to Readapt (several - 45 min)
T - Time to Readapt (2-3 minutes after removing goggles)
Night Vision Protection: Protective Equipment
R-Red lighting /Red lens goggles
S-Supplemental oxygen
S-Sunglasses
Night Vision Protection: Protective Measures
C-Cockpit lighting
E-Exterior Lighting
L-Light flash compensation
C-Close one eye
A-Alter course
A-Automatic weapons fire
T-Turn away from lights
NT Central Blind Spot
-Fovea inactive (concentration of cones)
-5-10 degrees wide
-Objects fade away if stared at for more than 2 seconds
-Blind spot size increases with distance
NVG Preflight and Preparation for Flight
IAW TM 11-5855-313-10 dated 30AUG2014
NVG Characteristics:
D
I
A
L
V
P
Definition-
Intensification-(2000 to 3000 x zero magnification)
Acuity (20/25 best, 20/70 worst)
Limited Field of View (40 degrees)
Voltage Low Indicator (APPROXIMATELY 30
minutes remaining)
Power supply (AA or Lithium, no mixing battery types within the same cartridge.
NVG Operational Considerations:
C
A
L
P
E
A
B
T
M
W
W
A
D
D
A
T
E
S
O
S
Color discrimination
Air/Groud speedlimits
Lights
performance relations
effects of bright lights
automatic brightness control (ABC)
bright source protection (BSP)
tunnel vision
Magnification
Weather
Weapons
Aircraft Lighting
Distance Estimation and depth perception
DEGREE OF CONTRAST
AVAILABLE LIGHT
TYPE OF NVDs
EXPERIENCE
Scanning techniques
Obstruction detection
Spatial disorientation
NVG Visual Deficiencies: Operational Defects
Flashing/flickering/intermittent operation
Edge glow
Shading
Emission points
NVG Visual Deficiencies: Cosmetic Blemishes
Bright Spots
Black Spots
Chicken Wire
Fixed Pattern Noise (honeycomb)
Image Disparity
Image Distortion
Output brightness
Visual Illusions:
C
H
A
F
F
C
V
S
S
S
S
A
Confusion with ground lights
Height-depth perception
Autokinesis
Fascination/Fixation
False horizon
Crater illusion
Vection (Induced Motion Illusion)
Structural
Size-distance
Size-consistancy
Shape-consistancy
Aerial perspective
Distance Estimation and Depth Perception: Two types
Binocular and Monocular
Monocular Vision Cues
G-Geometric perspective
L-linear perspective
A-apparent foreshortening
V-vertical position in field
R-Retinal Image Size
K-known size of object
I- Increasing or decreasing object size
T-Terrestrial association
O-Overlapping contours
A-Aerial Perspective
F-Fading of colors or shades
L-Loss of detail or texture
P-Position of light source and direction
of shadow
M-Motion Parallax
Use of Internal/External Lights:
F
L
A
P
C
S
Flashlight (for Pre-flight)
Landing/search/IR light
Anti-collision light
Position lights
Cockpit lights
Supplemental cockpit lighting
Night Vision Techniques
Scanning
Off-center Viewing
Shapes or silhouettes
Types of vision
Photopic
Mesopic
Scotopic
Photopic
-High light level
-Central viewing technique
-good color perception
-cones
-20/20 acuity
-day blind spot
Mesopic
-medium low light level
-central and SOS viewing techniques
-some color perception
-cones and rods
-acuity varies
-day and night blind spot
Scotopic
-low light level
-SOS viewing technique
-no color perception
-rods
-20/100 acuity
-day and night blind spot
-peripheral vision
Additional equipment required by USAACE Reg 95-59
-Turn and slip indicator
-All installed load/volt/amp/meters
-all installed pressure instruments
-heater/defrost/vent blower
-all installed fuel boost/xfer pumps
-autopilot (all components
- stby attitude indicator w/battery source
-windshield that doesn’t obstruct pilots vision
- ELT (if installed)
-Pitot heater(s)
-W/S wiper(s)
- rotor brake
-audio warning system
-Cyclic force trim
Terrain Flight Planning Standards
- Analyze the mission using the factors of METT-C
- Perform a map/photo recon using the available map media or photos. Ensure all known hazards are plotted.
- Select the appropriate terrain flight modes and techniques of movement
- Select appropriate primary and alternate routes and enter them on a map or route sketch
- Determine the distance +- 1km, ground speed +- 5 knots, and estimated time enroute (ETE) +- 1 minute for each leg of the flight
- Determine the fuel required +-100lbs
- Obtain and analyze weather briefing to determine that weather and environmental considerations are adequate to complete the mission
- Conduct a thorough crew mission briefing
Wind recognition: Ground indicators
Bodies of water
Smoke
Leaves (will appear lighter in color on the upwind side of a tree and darker on the downwind side
Tall grass
Mandmade indicators such as wind socks, flags, or smoke grenades
Blowing snow, dust, and sand
Wind recognition: Aircraft indicators
Determined by aircraft reaction and its apparent movement over the ground
-aircraft drifts from the desired ground
track
-difference between apparent ground
speed and indicated airspeed
-an increase/decrease of power from a
previous setting for airspeed
(updrafts/downdrafts)
The direction and magnitude of a crab angle will indicate the winds at your flight level. Calculating the winds aloft from known distance flwo, time, magnetic, and true course is possible if time permits
Wind recognition: Cockpit indicators
Tools to determine and/or monitor wind conditions
-Navigation display (ND)- provides a wind vector with infor like direction and speed
-Drift indicator will relay the current ground track
-Garmin will show wind vector showing direction and numerical velocity on map page
Continually re-evaluate wind recognition by comparing:
Forecast vs. actual wind
Hazards to terrain flight
M- meteorological
P-physical
mandmade
wires ( commo, power, guy, booby
traps, tow)
natural
H-human
STRESS AND FATIGUE
Fundamentals of Reconnaissance
GORRDDE
-Gain and maintain enemy contact.
-Orient on the reconnaissance objective.
-Report information rapidly and accurately.
-Retain freedom of maneuver.
-Do not keep reconnaissance assets in reserve.
-Develop the situation rapidly.
-Ensure continuous reconnaissance.
Select LZ/PZ/HA Standards
LZ/PZ: perform map, photo or visual recon of assigned area; determine that the LZ/PZ is suitable for the mission (size, number of aircraft, type cargo); provide accurate and detailed information to organnic or supported unit
HA: confirm suitability of a HA
Thr rconnaissance data should be:
recorded on a worksheet
Types of LZ/PZ/HA
Tactical, Technical, Meteorogical
LZ/PZ/HA: Tactical
Mission
Location-does it meet commander’s intent
Security
LZ/PZ/HA: Technical
LONGLASSV
Landing formation; Obstacles; Number and Type of aircraft; Ground Slope; Load suitability; Approach and departure directions; Size of landing area; Surface condition (to include white out or brown out); Vulnerability
LZ/PZ/HA: Meteorological
Ceiling and visibility
Density Altitude
Winds
Holding Area considerations
COKAS
Cover and concealment
Obstacles within the HA
Key terrain
Avenues of approach and departure
Security
Avoid planning approach or departure routes into a _______________________.
rising or setting sun.
A
M
S
S
D
F
W
C
Tactical Flight Mission Planning
-Analyze the mission (METT-TC)
-Map/Photo Recon
-Select Terrain Flight Modes and Techniques of Movement
-Select appropriate primary and alternate routes
-Distance-determine and ETE
-Fuel-required
-Weather briefing-obtain and analyze
-Crew briefing
Employ Aviator Night Vision Imaging System
C- Conduct operatorss checks
P-Properly mount ANVIS on the helmet
A-Adjust ANVIS to obtain the Optimal Sight Adjustment Point (OSAP)
React to ANVIS Failure
ATTA
Announce ANVIS/goggle failure by crew station
Transfer flight controls if possible
Troubleshoot ANVIS failure
Announce results of troubleshooting
During NOE or Contour flight, the P* will begin a climb at a rate to ensure obstacle avoidance.
