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Flying > NVFR > Flashcards

NVFR Flashcards

1
Q

What are the flight review requirements?

A

Pilot must have completed an appropriate NVFR review within last 24 months in aircraft of same category as intended operations

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2
Q

How is LSALT calculated?

A
  1. 1000’ above all obstacles within 10 nm radius of planned track when using visual navigation
  2. Use grid LSALT, IFR route LSALT or the procedure in AIP GEN for IFR LSALT calculation when using radio/GPS navigation
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3
Q

When is a lighting alternate NOT required?

A

If aircraft has enough holding fuel for local first light PLUS 10 min at destination.

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4
Q

What are some visual illusions that can happen during landing?

A
  • black hole illusion
  • runway width illusion
  • sloping runway
  • rain on windscreen
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5
Q

What is minimum LSALT?

A

1500’ AGL

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6
Q

How long does PAL stay on?

A

30 min. Windsock will start flashing with 10 min to go. Can also be automated radio announcement (depending on local facilities)

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7
Q

When using radio navigation, what is a positive fix?

A

A. Passage over an NDB, VOR, TACAN, marker Beacon or DME

B. Intersection of 2 or more position lines which intersect at angles not less than 45 degrees and are obtained from any combination of NDB,VOR, Localiser or DME. The position line must be within the rated coverage or if only using NDBs, within 30 nm of the NDBs.

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8
Q

Can you cruise above cloud?

A

It is possible if you are VFR in VMC, but:
- must be very confident of being able to climb up and descend down in VMC
- must consider how to navigate as cannot effectively navigate above more than SCT (total) cloud
- NVFR over more than SCT for more than short periods is not advised

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9
Q

When should an alternate be planned due to runway lighting?

A

In any of the following:
A. Portable lighting unless a responsible person is in attendance
B. No Standby Power unless responsible person in attendance and Portable lighting is available
C. PAL and standby power unless responsible person is in attendance

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10
Q

What are the external lighting requirements for an aircraft?

A
  • one landing light
  • position lights (red green and white)
  • anti collision light
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11
Q

When using a radio navigation system what is the maximum time allowed between fixes?

A

No greater than 2 hrs

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12
Q

What is a pilot’s primary defence against sensory illusions?

A

Maintain orientation by reference to the flight instruments

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13
Q

What are the (usual) consequences of a vacuum pump failure?

A
  • AI progressive degrade to failure i.e. sluggish then topple
  • DG progressive failure i.e. sluggish then stop
  • suction gauge misread
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14
Q

When are black hole illusions likely and what are the effects?

A

Occurs at aerodromes with little or no ground lighting near the aerodrome, so there are little or no visual cues with depth perception or estimation of height or distance.

The result is a strong tendency to descend below correct approach path and undershoot the runway.

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15
Q

If you need to plan an alternate due to radio navigation aid issues, how far away can the alternate be?

A

The alternate must be within 1 hr flight time

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16
Q

What are some visual illusions that can happen at night?

A
  • false horizons
  • reflections
  • flicker vertigo
  • autokinesis
  • empty field myopia
  • landing illusions
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17
Q

What navigation instruments are required to be serviceable?

A

Must have at least one of:
- ADF
- VOR
- GNSS

and they must be NVFR or IFR navigation approved

18
Q

What are the night recency experience requirements?

A

One of the following in the last 6 months:
- at least 1 take off and landing in an aircraft of same category at night
- be assessed as competent by a qualified flight instructor

19
Q

When taking off, by when must you be at LSALT?

A

must be at LSALT by 3 nm

20
Q

What sort of factors need to be considered when choosing a night navigation route?

A
  • the navigation methodology and requirements
  • terrain
  • weather
  • alternates
  • airspace
  • lights in the environment of the departure and destination aerodromes
21
Q

Name some common types of sensory illusions encountered at night

A
  • leans
  • coriolis
  • somatographic effects
22
Q

Is an alternate aerodrome required to have Standby Power or portable lighting?

A

Neither

23
Q

Describe how to turn on PAL + AFRU

A
  1. Select appropriate frequency
  2. (1 sec max pulse + 1 sec max pause) x 3
  3. Transmission is to be completed within 5 sec
  4. AFRU will announce “runway lights on”
  5. If AFRU says “no runway lights” try again or change frequency to PAL only
24
Q

what is the alternate minima

A

ceiling of 1500’
8km viz

25
Q

when, due to weather, must an alternate be planned

A
  • when don’t have a forecast
  • when the Aerodrome doesn’t have a TAF
    -when arrival at destination will be during currency or up to 30 min prior to commencement of
  • cloud > SCT below alternate minima
  • viz < alternate minima
  • viz greater than alternate minima but PROB >30% viz below alternate minima
  • PROB>30% of thunderstorms or severe turbulence
  • xwind including gusts greater than certified for aircraft
26
Q

How accurate must the time piece be?

A

+/- 30 seconds

27
Q

Where would you find runway obstacle clearance gradient data to work out take off climb rate?

A

The runway distance supplement in ERSA. it’s the % after TODA for the runway

28
Q

what are the general requirements for an aircraft to be able to fly at night? [4 things]

A
  1. aircraft approved for NVFR or IFR on maintenance release
  2. external and internal lighting
  3. flight instruments serviceable
  4. serviceable radio and nav systems
29
Q

what are the requirements for an Aerodrome to be acceptable as an alternate

A
  1. suitable as a destination for the flight
  2. does not require an alternate itself
  3. is not a helideck
30
Q

describe how to turn PAL on

A
  1. select appropriate frequency
  2. (3 sec pulse + 1 sec gap) x 3
  3. transmit pulse must be between 1 and 5 seconds
  4. 3 pulses transmitted within 25 seconds
  5. gap more or less than 1 second
31
Q

what are the internal and emergency lights required

A
  • instrument lights for all essential instruments and equipment
  • two independent sources of power for lights e.g generator and battery
  • pilot and passenger compartment lights adequate to read documents and maps
  • shock proof electric torch for each crew
32
Q

when can a PAL Aerodrome be nominated as an alternate

A
  1. if aircraft has either:
    a. dual VHF radios or
    b. 1 x VHF radio and 1 x HF radio and 30 min hold fuel

or

  1. a responsible person is in attendance
33
Q

when departing an Aerodrome by when should departure track be achieved

A

aircraft should be established on track within 5 nm of Aerodrome

34
Q

for arrival at a non PAL Aerodrome how long must lighting be available

A

from 30 min prior to ETA to after landing and taxi has been completed

35
Q

what 3 things need to be considered when deciding if an alternate is required

A
  • destination radio aids
  • weather enroute and at destination
  • lighting at destination
36
Q

when should PAL be activated

A
  • before taxying
  • within 15nm of the Aerodrome or before LSALT
37
Q

what are the recency experience requirements to carry passengers

A

pilot must have done 3 take offs and landings at night in aircraft of same category within last 90 days

38
Q

what are minimum serviceable instruments required for NVFR

A
  • MEL in POH
  • ASI
  • AI
  • ALTIMETER
  • TURN AND SLIP
  • DG
  • VSI
  • MAGNETIC COMPASS
  • OAT
  • CLOCK or watch
  • Indicator of whether power supply to gyro instruments is working
39
Q

how frequently do you need to obtain a visual fix if navigating by visual reference

A

no greater than every 30 minutes

40
Q

in relation to selecting a cruising level, what should you consider regarding LSALT and cloud clearance?

A
  • forecast clouds should allow cruise above LSALT and with 1000’ clearance of top or bottom of cloud layer
  • cruise level should not be at the same level as cloud
41
Q

when can you descend below LSALT for approach

A
  • within 3nm of airfield reference point and
  • Aerodrome is in sight
    and
  • using a procedure that maintains clearance from obstacles and terrain
42
Q

where do you find out about lighting at an Aerodrome?

A
  • ERSA and
  • NOTAMS

(must check both)

Flying (3 decks)

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