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N/V GERD UC/CD Antibiotics > NV constipation diarrhea > Flashcards

NV constipation diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

scopolamine

A

anticholinergics

N/V

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2
Q 
cyclizine
dimenhydrinate
diphenhydramine
hydroxyzine
meclizine
doxylamine
A

Antihistamines (N/V)

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3
Q

chlorpromazine
prochlorperazine
promethazine

A

phenothiazines (N/V)

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4
Q

Droperidol

Haloperidol

A

Butyrophenones (N/V)

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5
Q

Metoclorpramide

trimethobenzamide

A

benzamides (N/V)

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6
Q

Dexamethasone

Methylprednisone

A

Corticosteroids (N/V)

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7
Q

Dronabinol

Nabilone

A

Cannabinoids (N/V)

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8
Q

Lorazepam

Alprazolam

A

Benzodiazepines (N/V)

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9
Q

Dolasetron
Granisetron
Ondansetron
Palonesetron

A

Serotonin Antagonists (N/V)

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10
Q

Aprepitant

Netupitant

A

Neurokinin-1 antagonists (N/V)

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11
Q

Calcium polycarbophil
psyllium
methylcellulose

A

Absorbents & Bulk Agents (diarrhea)

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12
Q

Loperamide

Diphenoxylate + atropine

A

Antiperistaltic Agents (diarrhea)

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13
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate

Octreotide

A

Antisecretory Agents (diarrhea)

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14
Q

Ciprofloxacin
Lexofloxacin
Azithromycin
Rifaximin

A

Anti-infectives (diarrhea)

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15
Q

Dicylomine
hyoscyamine
clidinium+chlordiazepoxide
peppermint oil

A

Anti-spasmodics (diarrhea)

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16
Q

Psyllium
Polycarbophil
Methylcellulose

A

Bulk Producers (constipation)

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17
Q

Lactulose
Sortbitol
Glycerin
Polyethyline glycol 3350

A

Hyperosmotics (constipation)

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18
Q

Mineral oil

A

lubricant (constipation)

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19
Q

Bisacodyl
Senna
Castor Oil

A

Stimulant laxatives (constipation)

20
Q

Docusate

A

Emollients (constipation)

21
Q

Magnesium citrate
magnesium sulfate
other sodium/phosphate

A

Saline Agents (constipation)

22
Q

Lupiprostone

Linaclotide

A

Intestinal Secretagogues (constipation)

23
Q

Methylnaltrexone

BromideNaloxegol

A

Peripherally Acting Mu-opioid antagonists (constipation)

24
Q

This area of the vomiting center has 3 types of receptors: 5HT3, neurokinin-1, dopamine D2

A

Chemoreceptor Trigger zone (CTZ)

25
Q

Is the CTZ inside or outside the BBB?

A

outside

26
Q

What is the cerebral cortex affected by?

A

sensory: sight/smell/emotion

27
Q

Which area of the vomiting center are best targeted to treat motion system?

A

Vestibular system (anticholinergics and antihistamines)

28
Q

Best treatment for mild n/v in pregnancy?

A

Pyridoxine (B6) or Doxylamine

29
Q

best treatment for severe n/v in pregnancy?

A

promethazine

30
Q

treatment for hyperemesis gravidarum

A

methylprednisolone

31
Q

DO NOT GIVE FOR nausea/vomiting in pregnancy…and why

A

Ondansetron - cleft palate/heart defects

32
Q

In which class of drugs will you have a risk of EPS?

A

phenothiazines, butyrophenones, benzamides

33
Q

Droperidol and haloperidol act on which receptors, treating N/V

A

Dopamine antagonists

34
Q

which of the serotonin antagonists if most effective at preventing delayed nausea related to chemo (longest 1/2 life)

A

Palonsentron

35
Q

Aprepitant (Neurokinin-1) has MANY interactions due to being what substrate?

A

CYP3A4

36
Q

which anti n/v med to take the night before surgery?

A

scopolamine

37
Q

which n/v med to take before anesthesia?

A

palonsetron or dexamethasone

38
Q

n/v meds recommended after surgery?

A

Droperidol or serotonin antagonists

39
Q

most of the anti-constipation meds take 1-3 days. For faster relief, which hyperosmotic do you choose?

A

Polyethyline glycol (PEG) 3350

40
Q

what to be cautious of when prescribing mineral oil for constipation

A

aspiration risk! avoid in elderly

41
Q

contraindication of castor oil (stimulant laxative)?

A

PREGNANCY - causes uterine contractions and rupture

42
Q

Which n/v med is used as PROPHYLAXIS for constipation, and takes up to 72 hours for effect?

A

emollients (Docusate)

43
Q

The saline agents need to be avoided in which type of patient?

A

RENAL failure, CHF, elderly

44
Q

When to prescribe Mu-opioid receptor antagonists

A

RESERVE for special situations - give to patients taking opioids to prevent the decrease in GI motility that they cause

45
Q

do you want to use antiperistaltic agents for infectious diarrhea?

A

NO! don’t want to keep the organism inside longer.

46
Q

MOA absorbents/bulk agents

A

absorb water into intestines, forming gel

47
Q

antiinfectives used to treat infectious diarrhea

A

Cipro
levofloxacin
azithromycin
rifamixin

N/V GERD UC/CD Antibiotics (2 decks)

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