NV constipation diarrhea

Question 1

scopolamine

Answer 1

anticholinergics

N/V

Question 2

cyclizine
dimenhydrinate
diphenhydramine
hydroxyzine
meclizine
doxylamine

Answer 2

Antihistamines (N/V)

Question 3

chlorpromazine
prochlorperazine
promethazine

Answer 3

phenothiazines (N/V)

Question 4

Droperidol

Haloperidol

Answer 4

Butyrophenones (N/V)

Question 5

Metoclorpramide

trimethobenzamide

Answer 5

benzamides (N/V)

Question 6

Dexamethasone

Methylprednisone

Answer 6

Corticosteroids (N/V)

Question 7

Dronabinol

Nabilone

Answer 7

Cannabinoids (N/V)

Question 8

Lorazepam

Alprazolam

Answer 8

Benzodiazepines (N/V)

Question 9

Dolasetron
Granisetron
Ondansetron
Palonesetron

Answer 9

Serotonin Antagonists (N/V)

Question 10

Aprepitant

Netupitant

Answer 10

Neurokinin-1 antagonists (N/V)

Question 11

Calcium polycarbophil
psyllium
methylcellulose

Answer 11

Absorbents & Bulk Agents (diarrhea)

Question 12

Loperamide

Diphenoxylate + atropine

Answer 12

Antiperistaltic Agents (diarrhea)

Question 13

Bismuth subsalicylate

Octreotide

Answer 13

Antisecretory Agents (diarrhea)

Question 14

Ciprofloxacin
Lexofloxacin
Azithromycin
Rifaximin

Answer 14

Anti-infectives (diarrhea)

Question 15

Dicylomine
hyoscyamine
clidinium+chlordiazepoxide
peppermint oil

Answer 15

Anti-spasmodics (diarrhea)

Question 16

Psyllium
Polycarbophil
Methylcellulose

Answer 16

Bulk Producers (constipation)

Question 17

Lactulose
Sortbitol
Glycerin
Polyethyline glycol 3350

Answer 17

Hyperosmotics (constipation)

Question 18

Mineral oil

Answer 18

lubricant (constipation)

Question 19

Bisacodyl
Senna
Castor Oil

Answer 19

Stimulant laxatives (constipation)

Question 20

Docusate

Answer 20

Emollients (constipation)

Question 21

Magnesium citrate
magnesium sulfate
other sodium/phosphate

Answer 21

Saline Agents (constipation)

Question 22

Lupiprostone

Linaclotide

Answer 22

Intestinal Secretagogues (constipation)

Question 23

Methylnaltrexone

BromideNaloxegol

Answer 23

Peripherally Acting Mu-opioid antagonists (constipation)

Question 24

This area of the vomiting center has 3 types of receptors: 5HT3, neurokinin-1, dopamine D2

Answer 24

Chemoreceptor Trigger zone (CTZ)

Question 25

Is the CTZ inside or outside the BBB?

Answer 25

outside

Question 26

What is the cerebral cortex affected by?

Answer 26

sensory: sight/smell/emotion

Question 27

Which area of the vomiting center are best targeted to treat motion system?

Answer 27

Vestibular system (anticholinergics and antihistamines)

Question 28

Best treatment for mild n/v in pregnancy?

Answer 28

Pyridoxine (B6) or Doxylamine

Question 29

best treatment for severe n/v in pregnancy?

Answer 29

promethazine

Question 30

treatment for hyperemesis gravidarum

Answer 30

methylprednisolone

Question 31

DO NOT GIVE FOR nausea/vomiting in pregnancy...and why

Answer 31

Ondansetron - cleft palate/heart defects

Question 32

In which class of drugs will you have a risk of EPS?

Answer 32

phenothiazines, butyrophenones, benzamides

Question 33

Droperidol and haloperidol act on which receptors, treating N/V

Answer 33

Dopamine antagonists

Question 34

which of the serotonin antagonists if most effective at preventing delayed nausea related to chemo (longest 1/2 life)

Answer 34

Palonsentron

Question 35

Aprepitant (Neurokinin-1) has MANY interactions due to being what substrate?

Answer 35

CYP3A4

Question 36

which anti n/v med to take the night before surgery?

Answer 36

scopolamine

Question 37

which n/v med to take before anesthesia?

Answer 37

palonsetron or dexamethasone

Question 38

n/v meds recommended after surgery?

Answer 38

Droperidol or serotonin antagonists

Question 39

most of the anti-constipation meds take 1-3 days. For faster relief, which hyperosmotic do you choose?

Answer 39

Polyethyline glycol (PEG) 3350

Question 40

what to be cautious of when prescribing mineral oil for constipation

Answer 40

aspiration risk! avoid in elderly

Question 41

contraindication of castor oil (stimulant laxative)?

Answer 41

PREGNANCY - causes uterine contractions and rupture

Question 42

Which n/v med is used as PROPHYLAXIS for constipation, and takes up to 72 hours for effect?

Answer 42

emollients (Docusate)

Question 43

The saline agents need to be avoided in which type of patient?

Answer 43

RENAL failure, CHF, elderly

Question 44

When to prescribe Mu-opioid receptor antagonists

Answer 44

RESERVE for special situations - give to patients taking opioids to prevent the decrease in GI motility that they cause

Question 45

do you want to use antiperistaltic agents for infectious diarrhea?

Answer 45

NO! don't want to keep the organism inside longer.

Question 46

MOA absorbents/bulk agents

Answer 46

absorb water into intestines, forming gel

Question 47

antiinfectives used to treat infectious diarrhea

Answer 47

Cipro levofloxacin azithromycin rifamixin