Nutriton Coach Flashcards
With which client would it be most appropriate for the nutrition coach to work?
A. Overweight client who wants to train for a 10k
B. Client who wants nutrition therapy for cancer prevention
C. Pre-pubescent teenager who is overweight
D. Client who wants accountability during a 9-week extreme calorie restricted diet
A. Overweight client who wants to train for a 10k
According to the scope of practice for a Nutrition Coach, which is an example of an appropriate resource for determining daily caloric intake?
A. ADA calculations based on age, gender, and activity level.
B. Body type and cultural preferences
C. Dietary guidelines for Americans
D. The nutrition coach cannot assist with daily caloric intake
C. Dietary guidelines for Americans
A nutrition coach is sitting down with a new client for her initial evaluation. She noted on her Health History Questionnaire that she has never been able to maintain permanent weight loss and confides that she has made herself throw up after eating large meals. What is the best course of action?
A. Refer her to a clinical psychologist
B. Tell her she has bulimia and refer her to a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist
C. Tell her she may have anorexia and refer her to a Certified Eating Disorder Specialist
D. Move forward with the client sessions but monitor her closely for any more self-induced vomiting
A. Refer her to a clinical psychologist
A metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids is referred to as which of the following?
A. Glucagon
B. Glycogenolysis
C. Glycolysis
D. Gluconeogensis
D. Gluconeogensis
To which of the following is one metabolic equivalent (MET) equal?
A. 10 ml O2/kg/min
B. 3.5 ml O2/kg/min
C. 15 ml O2/kg/min
D. 30 ml O2/kg/min
B. 3.5 ml O2/kg/min
ATP consists of an adenosine molecule bonded to how many phosphate groups?
A. Two
B. One
C. Three
D. Four
C. Three
Protein is involved in forming which of the following?
A. Adipose tissue
B. Electrolytes
C. Bones
D. Triglycerides
C. Bones
To meet body composition goals, is it prudent for the client to meet the prescribed protein intake by choosing protein-based foods that also cause them to exceed prescribed fat intake?
A. Yes, because protein is the most important of the macronutrients.
B. No. It is inadvisable to overconsume other nutrients to meet protein needs.
C. Yes, as long as it is not coming from saturated fat.
D. Yes, if the goal is to gain weight. No, if the goal is weight maintenance or loss.
B. No. It is inadvisable to overconsume other nutrients to meet protein needs.
What are enzymes?
A. Protein-based structures which transport other compounds between cells
B. Protein-based structures which transmit electrical signals throughout the nervous system
C. Protein-based structures which primarily eliminate pathogens
D. Protein-based structures which catalyze chemical reactions
D. Protein-based structures which catalyze chemical reactions
What are the current estimated daily intakes of fiber for men and women in the U.S.?
a. 18 grams for men; 15 grams for women
b. 12 grams for men; 10 grams for women
c. 25 grams for men; 19 grams for women
d. 8 grams for men; 5 grams for women
a. 18 grams for men; 15 grams for women
What is the recommended amount of added sugar suggested by the American Heart Association for American adult women?
a. A limit of 6 added teaspoons
b. A limit of 4 added teaspoons
c. A limit of 11 added teaspoons
d. A limit of 9 added teaspoons
a. A limit of 6 added teaspoons
Which complex carbohydrate chain contains straight-chain structures?
a. Soluble fiber
b. Insoluble fiber
c. Amylopectin
d. Amylose
d. Amylose
Which sugar units are combined to form a glycogen molecule?
a. Glucose
b. Maltose
c. Fructose
d. Sucrose
a. Glucose
What is the molecular structure for glucose?
a. C12H22O11
b. C6H12O6
c. H2O
d. CO2
b. C6H12O6
What glycemic score ranks a carbohydrate food as a medium GI food?
a. GI score between 25 and 39
b. GI score between 56 and 69
c. GI score between 70 and 80
d. GI score between 40 and 50
b. GI score between 56 and 69
Which polysaccharide is digested fastest?
a. Amylose
b. Amylopectin
c. Soluble fiber
d. Insoluble fiber
b. Amylopectin
During exercise, stored molecules of carbohydrates are broken down to glucose to serve as a fuel. What term defines the breakdown of stored glycogen?
a. Glycogenesis
b. Glycolysis
c. Gluconeogenesis
d. Glycogenolysis
d. Glycogenolysis
What factor can raise a food’s GI score?
a. The presence of fiber in the food
b. The presence of fat in the food
c. Cooking and reheating a complex carbohydrate
d. Ingesting food in a liquid state
d. Ingesting food in a liquid state
Because of the catabolic nature of exercise, insulin release is largely suppressed during an exercise bout. How does glucose, consumed during a workout, then enter the cell?
a. The body relies upon norepinephrine mediated glucose uptake.
b. The body relies upon insulin mediated glucose uptake.
c. The body relies upon epinephrine mediated glucose uptake.
d. The body relies upon non-insulin mediated glucose uptake.
d. The body relies upon non-insulin mediated glucose uptake.
During exercise, stored molecules of carbohydrates are broken down to glucose to serve as a fuel. What term defines the breakdown of stored glycogen?
a. Glycolysis
b. Glycogenolysis
c. Glycogenesis
d. Gluconeogenesis
b. Glycogenolysis
Triglycerides are transported to adipose (fat) cells and go through beta-oxidation. What are the byproducts of beta-oxidation?
a. Acetyl-CoA and free fatty acids
b. Ketone bodies and glucose
c. Glycerol and free fatty acids
d. Glucose and glycogen
c. Glycerol and free fatty acids
What is a chylomicron?
a. An endothelium cell that delivers LDL cholesterol to the liver
b. A lipoprotein that delivers triglycerides to the cells
c. A lipoprotein that delivers amino acids to the cells
d. An enzyme that delivers HDL cholesterol to the cells
b. A lipoprotein that delivers triglycerides to the cells
A client visits a Nutrition Coach for the first time and tells the coach she is consuming 20% of her calories from dietary fat and 15% of her calories from saturated fat. What advice should the nutrition coach give the client?
a. Recommend the client decrease saturated fat to less than 10 - 11% of total calorie intake.
b. Recommend the client consume more dietary fat to evoke ketosis.
c. Recommend the client consume more saturated fat to improve LDL cholesterol levels.
d. Recommend the client decrease total fat to less than 10% of total calorie intake.
a. Recommend the client decrease saturated fat to less than 10 - 11% of total calorie intake.
What is the definition of hydrophilic?
a. Likely to mix with water, or have an affinity for water.
b. Forcing hydrogen into vegetable oil to create a saturated fat.
c. Likely to repel or not mix with water.
d. Imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants.
a. Likely to mix with water, or have an affinity for water.
What is a good source of monounsaturated fatty acids?
a. Canola oil
b. Coconut oil
c. Flaxseed oil
d. Soybean oil
a. Canola oil
Based on the U.S. style eating pattern, how much energy should come from discretionary sources?
a. 5%
b. 14%
c. 8%
d. 18%
b. 14%
Flushing of the skin after consuming alcohol is typically associated with which deficiency?
a. Lactate dehydrogenase deficiency
b. Alcohol dehydrogenase deficiency
c. Acetyl-CoA synthetase deficiency
d. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
d. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
What effect can reduced pyruvate from alcohol metabolism have if liver glycogen is low?
a. Cancer of the liver
b. Fatty acid accumulation
c. Fatty liver disease
d. Severe hypoglycemia
d. Severe hypoglycemia
What are the likely effects of consuming alcohol prior to going to sleep?
a. Increase in REM sleep and increase in growth hormone secretion
b. Increased non-REM sleep and decreased growth hormone secretion
c. Decreased non-REM sleep and decreased growth hormone secretion
d. No change to sleep patterns or hormone secretion
b. Increased non-REM sleep and decreased growth hormone secretion
What acute effect does drinking alcohol have on the heart?
a. Increases left ventricle contractility and decreases heart rate
b. Decreases right ventricle contractility and increases heart rate
c. Decreases left ventricle contractility and increases heart rate
d. Does not effect the heart
c. Decreases left ventricle contractility and increases heart rate
Ethanol is ultimately metabolized to produce ATP and what other substances?
a. Carbon dioxide and water
b. Pyruvate and hydrogen peroxide
c. Acetyl-CoA and NADH
d. Oxygen and water
a. Carbon dioxide and water
According to the USAUDIT-C, harmful alcohol consumption is indicated by scoring above which of the following thresholds?
a. 7 for males and 5 for females
b. 4 for males and 3 for females
c. 3 for males and 2 for females
d. 8 for males and 6 for females
a. 7 for males and 5 for females
Why is breath alcohol level used as a measure of intoxication?
a. Because a small amount of ethanol stays in the mouth after being consumed
b. Because ethanol in the blood flowing to the mouth and head is excreted through the tissue inside the mouth
c. Because small amounts of ethanol are excreted in the breath
d. Because the end products of alcohol metabolism are excreted in the breath and can be measured by a breathalyzer
c. Because small amounts of ethanol are excreted in the breath
Based on research, which group of college athletes is more likely to regularly consume alcohol at hazardous levels?
a. Intercollegiate athletes
b. All athletes are equally likely to consume hazardous levels of alcohol.
c. Intramural/club athletes
d. Athletes from individual sports
c. Intramural/club athletes
Alcoholics often suffer from structural and functional damage to their brain as a result of a deficiency in which vitamin?
a. Riboflavin
b. Thiamine
c. Niacin
d. Vitamin C
b. Thiamine
What is the normal range for the extracellular concentration of sodium?
a. 321 to 338 millimolar
b. 136 to 151 millimolar
c. 175 to 190 millimolar
d. 206 to 217 millimolar
b. 136 to 151 millimolar
What percent of children under the age of 5 have vitamin A deficiency worldwide?
a. 22%
b. 47%
c. 33%
d. 5%
c. 33%
What important molecule is magnesium conjugated to in the body?
a. Leucine
b. ATP
c. Hemoglobin
d. Fatty acids
b. ATP
What is the common name for vitamin B2?
a. Folic acid
b. Pantothenic acid
c. Thiamine
d. Riboflavin
d. Riboflavin
What is the maximal recommended daily intake of mercury?
a. 0.5 µg/kg
b. 1 µg/kg
c. 2 µg/kg
d. 10 µg/kg
c. 2 µg/kg
What percent of magnesium in the human body is found in bone tissue?
a. 20%
b. 19%
c. 60%
d. 1%
c. 60%
What is the common name for vitamin B3?
a. Thiamine
b. Niacin
c. Riboflavin
d. Folate
b. Niacin
What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of iodine for adults (men and non-pregnant or lactating women > 18 years of age)?
a. 150 μg/day
b. 50 μg/day
c. 75 μg/day
d. 120 μg/day
a. 150 μg/day
What medical therapy is used to remove metals from the body, specifically things like iron, mercury, arsenic, and/or lead?
a. Chemotherapy
b. Chelation
c. Phlebotomy
d. Ultrasound
b. Chelation
What percent increased requirement do long distance runners have for iron compared to non-runners?
a. 50%
b. 70%
c. 35%
d. 25%
b. 70%
What is the normal range of calcium in the blood?
a. 8.4-9.5 mg/dL
b. 7.2-8.2 mg/dL
c. 5.5-6.9 mg/dL
d. 3.0-4.2 mg/dL
a. 8.4-9.5 mg/dL
What is the definition of Estimated Average Requirement for a nutrient?
a. A value based on observed or experimentally determined approximations of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) of healthy people.
b. The highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population.
c. A nutrient intake value that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a group.
d. The average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97 to 98%) healthy individuals in a group.
c. A nutrient intake value that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a group.
What is the recommended serving amount of fruit per day based on USDA Guidelines?
a. 6
b. 3
c. 1
d. 4
d. 4
What percent of the body is made of calcium?
a. 6-7%
b. 9-10%
c. 1-2%
d. 14-15%
c. 1-2%
What is the normal range of calcium in the blood?
a. 5.5-6.9 mg/dL
b. 3.0-4.2 mg/dL
c. 7.2-8.2 mg/dL
d. 8.4-9.5 mg/dL
d. 8.4-9.5 mg/dL
What elemental metal is present in vitamin B12?
a. Copper
b. Cobalt
c. Iron
d. Nickel
b. Cobalt
What signaling mechanism triggers thirst due to a significant loss in total body water from sweating?
a. Osmoreceptor
b. Golgi tendon organ
c. Muscle spindle
d. Baroreceptor
d. Baroreceptor
Urine-specific gravity is best assessed with which tool?
a. Refractometer
b. Scale
c. pH meter
d. Osmometer
a. Refractometer
Which of the following responses occurs during exercise associated hyponatremia?
a. Extracellular fluid shifts inside cells.
b. There is a large increase of sodium concentration in the extracellular fluid.
c. There is a large increase in sodium concentration in the intracellular fluid.
d. Intracellular fluid shifts outside of the cell.
a. Extracellular fluid shifts inside cells.
What is the primary cause of exertional rhabdomyolysis?
a. Chronic low electrolyte intake
b. Excessive water consumption
c. Chronic high electrolyte intake
d. An intense exercise session.
d. An intense exercise session
A client has repeatedly exhibited a pre-exercise USG range between 1.028 and 1.032. How would a Nutrition Coach interpret this finding?
a. The client needs to increase their fluid intake between training bouts.
b. The client is severely overconsuming fluids during recovery.
c. The client is drinking too many sport drinks.
d. The client is drinking an appropriate amount of water.
a. The client needs to increase their fluid intake between training bouts.
A client weighs 70 kg and is training to complete a marathon in a time of about 4 h. The client’s sweat losses are expected to equal around 4 liters (about 6% of body mass). Which fluid intake goal would be most appropriate?
a. Drink 2 liters of fluid during the race.
b. Drink 6 liters of fluid during the race.
c. Drink 1 liter of fluid during the race.
d. Drink 4 liters of fluid during the race.
a. Drink 2 liters of fluid during the race.
Which individual would be most likely to be at risk for exercise associated hyponatremia?
a. A runner completing a marathon in 2.75 hours in hot weather.
b. A runner completing a 4.5 hour marathon in cool weather.
c. An individual completing a spin class in warm spin room.
d. An individual completing a 1 hour spin class in a cool room.
b. A runner completing a 4.5 hour marathon in cool weather.
A client completes three weight-training sessions with a Personal Trainer per week but also completes three, 1-hour group indoor cycle per week (not on the same day). They ask their Nutrition Coach for hydration advice. Which of the following responses would be most appropriate?
a. “Drink sports drinks instead of water on days you go to indoor cycle class.”
b. “Determine your sweat losses and seek to replace 100% of your sweat losses with fluid intake during the indoor cycle class.”
c. “Your workout sessions are not long enough in duration to cause sweat losses that dictate a personal hydration plan. Keep fluids available during exercise, and drink based on thirst.”
d. “Drink 250 mL of fluids every 30 minutes during training.”
c. “Your workout sessions are not long enough in duration to cause sweat losses that dictate a personal hydration plan. Keep fluids available during exercise, and drink based on thirst.”
A client has repeatedly exhibited a pre-exercise USG range between 1.014 and 1.018. How would a Nutrition Coach interpret this finding?
a. The client needs to drink more sport drinks.
b. The client is doing a great job of meeting recovery fluid intake needs.
c. The client is severely overconsuming fluids during recovery.
d. The client is severely underconsuming fluids between training sessions.
b. The client is doing a great job of meeting recovery fluid intake needs.
A client who trains for triathlons has asked how much fluid he should consume between his morning runs and afternoon bike rides. He has determined his sweat losses from his early morning runs average around 2 liters. Which range of fluid intake would be most appropriate?
a. 2.5-3.0 liters
b. 3.0-3.5 liters
c. 1.5-2.0 liters
d. 1.0-1.5 liters
a. 2.5-3.0 liters
What role does pickle juice play in regards to client hydration status?
a. Pickle juice contains minimal electrolytes and will not positively impact hydration status.
b. Pickle juice contains a high concentration of sodium which can increase thirst drive and aid in consumed fluid retention.
c. Pickle juice contains a high concentration of sodium which decreases thirst drive and plasma osmolality.
d. Pickle juice can increase urine output which will in turn increase thirst drive.
b. Pickle juice contains a high concentration of sodium which can increase thirst drive and aid in consumed fluid retention.
Which of the following electrolytes is found in the greatest concentration in the intracellular fluid?
a. Magnesium
b. Sodium
c. Potassium
d. Calcium
c. Potassium
A client weighs 50 kg and is training to complete a cool weather half-marathon in a time of about 2 h. The client’s sweat losses are expected to equal 2 liters (about 4% of body mass). Which fluid intake goal would be most appropriate?
a. Drink 2 liters of water during the race.
b. Begin the race euhydrated and simply drink to thirst.
c. Drink 2 liters of sports beverage during the race.
d. Drink 1 liter of water and 1 liter of sports beverage during the race.
b. Begin the race euhydrated and simply drink to thirst.
Where is approximately 2/3 of body water found?
a. Intracellular fluid
b. Extracellular fluid
c. Digestive system
d. Interstitial fluid
a. Intracellular fluid
For clients engaged in prolonged endurance events who know what their sweat losses will be, which is the most appropriate advice to give in regards to developing a competition hydration strategy?
a. Try to match fluid intake during competition to sweat-loss volume.
b. Drink 250 mL of fluid every 15 minutes.
c. Replace 150% of sweat losses with fluid intake during the competition.
d. Do not drink in excess of sweat losses and limit body mass loss to < 3-4%.
d. Do not drink in excess of sweat losses and limit body mass loss to < 3-4%.
Which of the following scenarios would create the most optimal conditions for decreasing body temperature increase during exercise if the temperature and humidity were equal under each training scenario?
a. Completing a step class
b. Running on a treadmill
c. Completing a spin class
d. Cycling for an hour outdoors at 20 miles/hour
d. Cycling for an hour outdoors at 20 miles/hour
A client’s pre-exercise weight is 75.0 kg. Their post-exercise weight is 73.5 kg. They consumed 0.25 liters of fluid during training. What was the volume of their sweat loss?
a. 2.0 liters
b. 1.75 liters
c, 1.5 liters
d. 1.25 liters
b. 1.75 liters
Which range identifies the percentage of body mass that is comprised of water?
a. 10-30%
b. 30-50%
c. 50-70%
d. 70-90%
c. 50-70%
What is the fuel source for cells in the body?
a. Pancreatic amylase
b. Amino acids
c. Adenosine triphosphate
d. Palmitic acid
c. Adenosine triphosphate
What does the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommend for protein intake?
a. 70-85% of total energy
b. 40-50% of total energy
c. 10-35% of total energy
d. 55-65% of total energy
c. 10-35% of total energy
Resistance-based exercise relies primarily on which fuel source?
a. Carbohydrates
b. Protein
c. Micronutrients
d. Fat
a. Carbohydrates
Which of the following is the recommended daily protein amount to help most exercisers build and maintain muscle tissue?
a. 0.8 to 1.0 g/kg of body weight per day
b. 0.8 to 1.0 g/kg of lean body mass per day
c. 1.2-2.2 g/kg of lean body mass per day
d. 1.2-2.2 g/kg of body weight per day
d. 1.2-2.2 g/kg of body weight per day
The Food & Drug Administration’s role in the manufacturing of supplements includes which of the following?
a. Maintaining a database of supplements found to be contaminated with illegal drugs and prescription medication
b. Review of label claims by supplement manufacturers for accuracy and truthfulness
c. Screening of all dietary supplements for banned substances, illegal drugs, and prescription drugs
d. Mandatory annual audits of supplement manufacturers
a. Maintaining a database of supplements found to be contaminated with illegal drugs and prescription medication
Strong evidence exists for which supplement to assist with building muscle?
a. Creatine monohydrate
b. Glutamine
c. BCAAs
d. HMB
a. Creatine monohydrate
All independent testing agencies provide which services?
a. Effectiveness of the supplement
b. Annual audits of the supplement companies to ensure compliance to Good Manufacturing Practices
c. Identify ingredient forms and amounts
d. Determining legality of anabolic steroids
c. Identify ingredient forms and amounts
Good Manufacturing Practices for supplements includes which of the following?
a. Standards and guidelines to ensure supplements are made properly.
b. Mandatory annual audits by the Food and Drug Administration
c. Independent testing of supplements for contaminants such as heavy metals and pesticides
d. Independent testing of supplements to verify label accuracy
a. Standards and guidelines to ensure supplements are made properly.
How might capsaicin aid in weight control?
a. It may have a slight positive impact on energy expenditure and appetite.
b. It may increase daily energy expenditure by 30%.
c. It is a banned substance.
d. It suppresses appetite, leading to reduced intake by 25%.
a. It may have a slight positive impact on energy expenditure and appetite.
Which of the following is true regarding third party testing of supplements?
a. It is not required by law.
b. It is required by law.
c. It determines whether a supplement is effective.
d. It determines whether product claims are accurate.
a. It is not required by law.
Which of the following is an example of social persuasion?
a. Showing a client how to log calories in a food journal
b. Finding out what the client’s goals are
c. Taking a client to a grocery store to demonstrate how to make healthier choices
d. Telling a client about the positive benefits of eating more fruits and vegetables
d. Telling a client about the positive benefits of eating more fruits and vegetables
Having a BMI less than which of the following values indicates an extreme case of anorexia nervosa?
a. 18
b. 15
c. 17
d. 19
b. 15
Which of the following is the best approach to build and implement effective programming?
a. Use a pre-developed program and modify a few things to meet individual needs.
b. Continue to constantly modify the program when the client struggles with adherence.
c. Develop a solid, evidence-based program that is used for all clients.
d. Develop a program based on evidence-based practice that supports individual client needs using empathy.
d. Develop a program based on evidence-based practice that supports individual client needs using empathy.
In terms of providing feedback to a client throughout a program, which of the following is the best approach?
a. Provide feedback based on client needs and efficacy.
b. Provide consistent praise and encouragement.
c. Provide consistent and thorough feedback to all clients.
d. Provide feedback to keep clients on track.
a. Provide feedback based on client needs and efficacy.
Which of the following is one primary goal of using supportive words?
a. Minimize ambiguity
b. Decrease emotional response
c. Create purpose
d. Build efficacy
d. Build efficacy
Which of the following represents the importance of word choice in verbal communication?
a. Word choice should be professional and clear and keep conversation focused on program components.
b. Word choice should be scientific to demonstrate knowledge and expertise.
c. Word choice should match client needs and demonstrate knowledge, understanding, and confidence.
d. Word choice should be simple and easy for all listeners to understand.
c. Word choice should match client needs and demonstrate knowledge, understanding, and confidence.
In which situation might verbal communication be a better choice than written communication?
a. Concern about ability to follow program component
b. Confirming an upcoming appointment
c. Simple question that requires direct response
d. Checking-in to see how progress is going for the day
a. Concern about ability to follow program component
Which of the following types of questioning encourages clients to openly share ideas and information?
a. Closed-ended questioning
b. Divergent questioning
c. Reflective questioning
d. Probing questioning
b. Divergent questioning
Which of the following is the theory that proposes that motivation lies on a continuum from amotivation, to extrinsic motivation, to intrinsic motivation?
a. Social-cognitive theory
b. Self-efficacy theory
c. Self-determination theory
d. Motivational interviewing
c. Self-determination theory
A client is not sure that they can reduce their intake of snacks at work, but their Nutrition Coach reminds them that they felt the same way when they thought they could not reduce their alcohol intake. The coach is using which of the following to increase this client’s self-efficacy for the specific task of reducing snacks?
a. Vicarious experience
b. Performance accomplishments
c. Physiological states
d. Verbal persuasion
d. Verbal persuasion
How many basic psychological needs are there in self-determination theory?
a. 2
b. 5
c. 3
d. 4
c. 3
Jill wants to perform aerobic exercise for one-hour, five-days per week. What kind of goal is this?
a. Performance goal
b. Objective goal
c. Outcome goal
d. Subjective goal
a. Performance goal
How many basic psychological needs are there in self-determination theory?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 3
D. 2
C. 3
How many motivational interviewing strategies are there?
A. 5
B. 7
C. 4
D. 3
A. 5
A client is not sure that they can reduce their intake of snacks at work, but their nutrition coach reminds them that they felt the same way when they thought they could not reduce their alcohol intake. The coach is using which of the following to increase this client’s self-efficacy for the specific task of reducing snacks?
A. Performance accomplishments
B. Vicarious experience
C. Physiological states
D. Verbal persuasion
D. Verbal persuasion
Changing because of outside pressures is a controlled motive; however, changing because an individual wants to change is considered to be which one of the following?
a. Integrated motive
b. Autonomous motive
c. Self-determined motive
d. Extrinsic motive
b. Autonomous motive
Which of the following is not a motivational interviewing strategy?
a. Identifying discrepancies
b. Creating arguments
c. Expressing accurate empathy
d. Enhancing self-efficacy
b. Creating arguments
With which of the following does motivational interviewing start?
a. Rolling with resistance
b. Giving the client advice
c. Collaboration
d. A 24-hour dietary recall
c. Collaboration
A coach summarizes and restates what a client has just told them by saying, “This is the third time you have made a serious effort at losing weight in the last two years. The goal is personally important to you for health reasons, but you are also worried about staying committed to the goal over the long haul.” Which of the following is the coach expressing?
a. Change talk
b. Accurate empathy
c. Positive feedback
d. Listening skills
b. Accurate empathy
Which of the following is defined as all of the brain processes used to energize and direct behavior?
a. Attitude
b. Motivation
c. Intention
d. Self-efficacy
b. Motivation
Self-efficacy is mediated by how many sources?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 5
d. 4
d. 4
Jim wants to place in the top ten of a 5k race. What type of goal is this?
a. Objective goal
b. Performance goal
c. Outcome goal
d. Subjective goal
c. Outcome goal
“I want to increase my intake of vegetables from two servings to three servings per day,” is an example of which kind of goal?
a. Performance goal
b. Outcome goal
c. Do-your-best goal
d. Subjective goal
a. Performance goal
What are goals in relation to one’s own level of performance or behavior?
a. Outcome goals
b. Do-your-best goals
c. Subjective goals
d. Performance goals
d. Performance goals
The average daily intake of a nutrient sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97 to 98 percent) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group is known as which of the following?
a. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
b. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
c. Tolerable Upper Limit (UL)
d. Adequate Intake (AI)
b. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)