nutritional supplements

Question 1

____ and ____ cannot be synthesized in the body. they are essential for normal body metabolism. deficiencies and excesses lead to problems

Answer 1

vitamins and minerals

Question 2

___________ are intended to be a supplement but not a substitute for a healthy diet.

Answer 2

nutritional supplements

Question 3

calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium, etc

Answer 3

minerals

Question 4

vitamin A, D, E, K

Answer 4

fat-soluble vitamins

Question 5

vitamin B, C and folic acid

Answer 5

water-soluble vitamins

Question 6

average dietary intake level thought to be sufficient to meet nutient requirements of nearly all of healthy individuals in a particular life stage

Answer 6

recommended dietary allowance (RDA)

Question 7

used in place of RDA if there is insufficient scientific evidence

Answer 7

adequate intake (AI)

Question 8

who is at risk for deficiency

Answer 8

-very low caloric diets
-chronic alcohol abuse (vitamin B and folic acid deficiency)
-poverty
-elderly
-bariatric surgery
-GI disease with malabsorption e.g. IBD, celiac, lactose intolerance

Question 9

-function: vision, bone growth, reproduction, cell division/differentiation, immune system regulation.
-exists in two forms. deficiency is rare (dry skin, hair, and eyes. broken nails. decreased resistance to infections, hyperkeratosis)
-too much may be associated with osteoporosis and increased fracture risk.
~2500 units/day

Answer 9

vitamin A

Question 10

found in leafy greens, orange and yellow vegetables, tomatoes, fruit

Answer 10

provitamin A (e.g. beta-carotene)

Question 11

found in liver, fish oils, whole milk, eggs

Answer 11

preformed vitamin A (e.g. retinol, retanoic acid)