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F&N > Nutritional Needs Of Groups > Flashcards

Nutritional Needs Of Groups Flashcards

1
Q

What is a food allergy

A

The body having an allergic reaction to an allergen in a food

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2
Q

Most common allergens

A

Peanuts, eggs, milk, nuts, strawberry, kiwi and seafood

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3
Q

How to identify a food intolerance

A

To stop eating a certain food which seems to be a problem

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4
Q

Symptoms of a food intolerance

A

Abdominal pain, aches and pains, bloating and fatigue

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5
Q

How to live with an intolerance

A

Read labels, always ask when eating out

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6
Q

What is a lactose intolerance

A

The inability to digest sugar in milk due to a shortage of LACTOSE

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7
Q

Symptoms of a lactose intolerance

A

Flatulence, cramps, diarrhoea, bloating, vomiting

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8
Q

Food that contain dairy

A

Dairy products, chocolate, ice cream

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9
Q

Health implications of a lactose intolerance

A

Alternative sources must be fortified with calcium, vitamin B2, B12 and D, phosphorus and magnesium

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10
Q

Alternatives to cows milk

A

Goat, sheep, buffalo milk, soya milk, coconut milk, almond milk

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11
Q

What is coeliac disease

A

An autoimmune response to gluten which is found in wheat, barley and rye

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12
Q

What happens in the small intestine if you have coeliac disease

A

The villi are damaged reducing nutrient absorption

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13
Q

Symptoms of coeliac disease

A

Diarrhoea, stomach pain, skin rash, malnutrition, tiredness, weight loss

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14
Q

What is Gluten found in

A

Pasta, biscuits, cereal, bread. Less obvious sources soup, white sauce, stock cubes

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15
Q

What can be eaten with coeliac disease

A

Naturally gluten free foods; meat, fish, fruit, veg. Gluten free alternatives ( bread, pasta )

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16
Q

What is wrong with the uk diet

A

Bad eating habits(processed foods, high fat, sugar and salt)
Lots of snacking(crisps, sweets all high in sugar and salt)
Increased processed foods(high in fat, sugar, salt)
Increased food choice(eating more than your body needs)

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17
Q

What is the uk diet too high in and low in

A

Too high in: fat, sugar, salt
Too low in: fruit, veg, fibre, fish

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18
Q

Tips for a balanced healthy diet

A

Base meals on starchy foods
Eat lots of fruit and veg
Eat more fish
Eat less saturated fats and sugar and salt
Be active
Drink water
Don’t skip breakfast

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19
Q

What are some healthy cooking methods

A

Dry fry, grill, bake as they don’t use extra fat such as oil

20
Q

What should baby’s drink

A

Breast milk for 6 months
Formula milk which mimics breast milk
Water is the best alternative to milk

21
Q

What foods should babies eat

A

Breast milk
Porridge
Puréed veg, fruit and meat as easy for them to eat

22
Q

What should babies not eat

A

Shellfish and seafood
Honey
Foods high in salt
Some cheeses (Brie)

23
Q

What are some key nutrients for babies

A

Calcium, iron, vitamin A,C,D,B12

24
Q

Key nutrients for toddlers

A

Vitamin A,C, calcium, sodium, phosphorus

25
Q

What Foods should children aged 4-6 have

A

Chopped fruit and veg
Bread
Natural yoghurt
Low fat spreads

26
Q

What foods should children aged 4-6 avoid

A

Chocolate
Pancakes
Sweets
Processed meat

27
Q

What are some vital nutrients for children aged 4-6

A

Vitamin A, Niacin(11mg a day), Calcium(450mg a day), Sodium(700mg a day)

28
Q

Why do children aged 7-10 need lots of energy

A

They are in a period of rapid growth so need lots of calories
Boy aged 8 needs 1745kcal and a 8 girl needs 1625kcal

29
Q

What are the nutritional requirements of children aged 7-10

A

5 portions of fruit and veg
Whole grains as high in fibre so lots of energy for growth
Milk and protein essential for protein and calcium for healthy bones
2 portions of fish 1 being oily
Reducing salty, fatty and sugary foods e.g. fruit for a snack not crisps

30
Q

What nutrients do adolescents (11-14)need

A

Boys require: energy dense foods
Girls require: iron rich foods to replace that lost in menstruation
Calcium for bone growth
Vitamin A

31
Q

What is the average energy intake for adolescents(11-14)

A

Aged 11 boys = 2127kcal girls = 2032kcal
Aged 14 boys = 2629kcal girls = 2342kcal

32
Q

What foods should adolescents(11-14)eat

A

Fruit and veg
Potatoes, rice, pasta ( whole grain even better)
Beans, pulses and other proteins

33
Q

What foods should adolescents(11-14)not eat

A

Stewed or jellied fruits
Sugary cereals
High sugar soda drinks
Fried foods

34
Q

How does a child aged 15-18s calorie intake change

A

It increase to around 3200kcal for boys and 2450kcal for girls by the age of 18

35
Q

What keys nutrients are required for children aged 15-18

A

Iron for girls
Calcium as your bones are growing and becoming denser
Drink plenty of fluids
Exercise

36
Q

What should adults follow for a healthy diet

A

They should follow the eat healthy guide as it shows that correct proportion of each food type an adult should eat

37
Q

How does calorie intake change in adults

A

There calorie intake slowly decrease as they aren’t growing and so don’t require as much energy as children

38
Q

What nutrients do pregnant women require

A

Calcium and vitamin D for bone growth, Folic acid, iron for the babies blood, fruit and veg and dietary fibre

39
Q

Foods pregnant women should avoid

A

Alcohol, soft cheeses, caffeine, some fish as they contain mercury, unpasteurised milk and cream as contains harmful bacteria

40
Q

Do pregnant women need to eat more calories

A

Yes they should eat around 300kcal more than a normal women

41
Q

Nutrients required during lactation

A

Similar to a pregnant women’s requirement; a healthy diverse diet low in fat, sugar and salt and high in fruit and veg

42
Q

How does an elderly persons diet change

A

They require less calories as they are less active/mobile

43
Q

What are some Key nutrients for elderly people

A

Vitamin C and zinc: helps maintain Immune system
Calcium: maintain bone strength
Vitamin D: maintains bone strength and muscle strength (oily fish, calcium)
Iron: essential for haemoglobin as it forms the proteins in them

44
Q

What is type 1 diabetes

A

When the insulin produced doesn’t work so you have a high blood glucose level

45
Q

What is type 2 diabetes

A

When there is a lack of insulin being produced causing a high blood glucose level

46
Q

Advice for someone living with type 2 diabetes

A

Follow the eat-well guide
Reduce sugar, salt and fat intake,
read food labels
Whole grains

F&N (1 decks)

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